让多边主义的火炬照亮人类前行之路
Let the Torch of Multilateralism Light up Humanity’s Way Forward
——在世界经济论坛“达沃斯议程”对话会上的特别致辞
– Special Address at the World Economic Forum Virtual Event of the Davos Agenda
中华人民共和国主席 习近平
H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China
2021年1月25日，北京
Beijing, 25 January 2021
尊敬的施瓦布主席，
女士们，先生们，朋友们：
Professor Klaus Schwab,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
过去一年，突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情肆虐全球，全球公共卫生面临严重威胁，世界经济陷入深度衰退，人类经历了史上罕见的多重危机。
The past year was marked by the sudden onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic. Global public health faced severe threat and the world economy was mired in deep recession. Humanity encountered multiple crises rarely seen in human history.
这一年，各国人民以巨大的决心和勇气，同病魔展开殊死搏斗，依靠科学理性的力量，弘扬人道主义精神，全球抗疫取得初步成效。现在，疫情还远未结束，近期又出现反弹，抗疫仍在继续，但我们坚信，寒冬阻挡不了春天的脚步，黑夜遮蔽不住黎明的曙光。人类一定能够战胜疫情，在同灾难的斗争中成长进步、浴火重生。
The past year also bore witness to the enormous resolve and courage of people around the world in battling the deadly coronavirus. Guided by science, reason and a humanitarian spirit, the world has achieved initial progress in fighting COVID-19. That said, the pandemic is far from over. The recent resurgence in COVID cases reminds us that we must carry on the fight. Yet we remain convinced that winter cannot stop the arrival of spring and darkness can never shroud the light of dawn. There is no doubt that humanity will prevail over the virus and emerge even stronger from this disaster.
女士们、先生们、朋友们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
历史总在不断前进，世界回不到从前。我们今天所作的每一个抉择、采取的每一项行动，都将决定世界的未来。我们要解决好这个时代面临的四大课题。
History is moving forward and the world will not go back to what it was in the past. Every choice and move we make today will shape the world of the future. It is important that we properly address the four major tasks facing people of our times.
第一，加强宏观经济政策协调，共同推动世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡、包容增长。人类正在遭受第二次世界大战结束以来最严重的经济衰退，各大经济板块历史上首次同时遭受重创，全球产业链供应链运行受阻，贸易和投资活动持续低迷。各国出台数万亿美元经济救助措施，但世界经济复苏势头仍然很不稳定，前景存在很大不确定性。我们既要把握当下，统筹疫情防控和经济发展，加强宏观经济政策支持，推动世界经济早日走出危机阴影，更要放眼未来，下决心推动世界经济动力转换、方式转变、结构调整，使世界经济走上长期健康稳定发展的轨道。
The first is to step up macroeconomic policy coordination and jointly promote strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth of the world economy. We are going through the worst recession since the end of World War II. For the first time in history, the economies of all regions have been hit hard at the same time, with global industrial and supply chains clogged and trade and investment down in the doldrums. Despite the trillions of dollars in relief packages worldwide, global recovery is rather shaky and the outlook remains uncertain. We need to focus on current priorities, and balance COVID response and economic development. Macroeconomic policy support should be stepped up to bring the world economy out of the woods as early as possible. More importantly, we need to look beyond the horizon and strengthen our will and resolve for change. We need to shift the driving forces and growth models of the global economy and improve its structure, so as to set the course for long-term, sound and steady development of the world economy.
第二，摒弃意识形态偏见，共同走和平共处、互利共赢之路。世界上没有两片完全相同的树叶，也没有完全相同的历史文化和社会制度。各国历史文化和社会制度各有千秋，没有高低优劣之分，关键在于是否符合本国国情，能否获得人民拥护和支持，能否带来政治稳定、社会进步、民生改善，能否为人类进步事业作出贡献。各国历史文化和社会制度差异自古就存在，是人类文明的内在属性。没有多样性，就没有人类文明。多样性是客观现实，将长期存在。差异并不可怕，可怕的是傲慢、偏见、仇视，可怕的是想把人类文明分为三六九等，可怕的是把自己的历史文化和社会制度强加给他人。各国应该在相互尊重、求同存异基础上实现和平共处，促进各国交流互鉴，为人类文明发展进步注入动力。
The second is to abandon ideological prejudice and jointly follow a path of peaceful coexistence, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation. No two leaves in the world are identical, and no histories, cultures or social systems are the same. Each country is unique with its own history, culture and social system, and none is superior to the other. The best criteria are whether a country’s history, culture and social system fit its particular situation, enjoy people’s support, serve to deliver political stability, social progress and better lives, and contribute to human progress. The different histories, cultures and social systems are as old as human societies, and they are the inherent features of human civilization. There will be no human civilization without diversity, and such diversity will continue to exist for as long as we can imagine. Difference in itself is no cause for alarm. What does ring the alarm is arrogance, prejudice and hatred; it is the attempt to impose hierarchy on human civilization or to force one’s own history, culture and social system upon others. The right choice is for countries to pursue peaceful coexistence based on mutual respect and on expanding common ground while shelving differences, and to promote exchanges and mutual learning. This is the way to add impetus to the progress of human civilization.
第三，克服发达国家和发展中国家发展鸿沟，共同推动各国发展繁荣。当前，公平问题日益突出，南北差距有待弥合，可持续发展事业面临严峻挑战。疫情之下，各国经济复苏表现分化，南北发展差距面临扩大甚至固化风险。广大发展中国家普遍期望获得更多发展资源和空间，要求在全球经济治理中享有更多代表性和发言权。应该看到，发展中国家发展起来了，整个世界繁荣稳定就会有更加坚实的基础，发达国家也将从中受益。国际社会应该着眼长远、落实承诺，为发展中国家发展提供必要支持，保障发展中国家正当发展权益，促进权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，让各国人民共享发展机遇和成果。
The third is to close the divide between developed and developing countries and jointly bring about growth and prosperity for all. Today, inequality continues to grow, the North-South gap remains to be bridged, and sustainable development faces severe challenges. As countries grapple with the pandemic, their economic recoveries are following divergent trajectories, and the North-South gap risks further widening and even perpetuation. For developing countries, they are aspiring for more resources and space for development, and they are calling for stronger representation and voice in global economic governance. We should recognize that with the growth of developing countries, global prosperity and stability will be put on a more solid footing, and developed countries will stand to benefit from such growth. The international community should keep its eyes on the long run, honor its commitment, and provide necessary support to developing countries and safeguard their legitimate development interests. Equal rights, equal opportunities and equal rules should be strengthened, so that all countries will benefit from the opportunities and fruits of development.
第四，携手应对全球性挑战，共同缔造人类美好未来。在经济全球化时代，类似新冠肺炎疫情的突发公共卫生事件绝不会是最后一次，全球公共卫生治理亟待加强。地球是人类赖以生存的唯一家园，加大应对气候变化力度，推动可持续发展，关系人类前途和未来。人类面临的所有全球性问题，任何一国想单打独斗都无法解决，必须开展全球行动、全球应对、全球合作。
The fourth is to come together against global challenges and jointly create a better future for humanity. In the era of economic globalization, public health emergencies like COVID-19 may very well recur, and global public health governance needs to be enhanced. The Earth is our one and only home. To scale up efforts to address climate change and promote sustainable development bears on the future of humanity. No global problem can be solved by any one country alone. There must be global action, global response and global cooperation.
女士们、先生们、朋友们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
世界上的问题错综复杂，解决问题的出路是维护和践行多边主义，推动构建人类命运共同体。
The problems facing the world are intricate and complex. The way out of them is through upholding multilateralism and building a community with a shared future for mankind.
——我们要坚持开放包容，不搞封闭排他。多边主义的要义是国际上的事由大家共同商量着办，世界前途命运由各国共同掌握。在国际上搞“小圈子”、“新冷战”，排斥、威胁、恐吓他人，动不动就搞脱钩、断供、制裁，人为造成相互隔离甚至隔绝，只能把世界推向分裂甚至对抗。一个分裂的世界无法应对人类面临的共同挑战，对抗将把人类引入死胡同。在这个问题上，人类付出过惨痛代价。殷鉴不远，我们决不能再走那条老路。
First, we should stay committed to openness and inclusiveness instead of closeness and exclusion. Multilateralism is about having international affairs addressed through consultation and the future of the world decided by everyone working together. To build small circles or start a new Cold War, to reject, threaten or intimidate others, to willfully impose decoupling, supply disruption or sanctions, and to create isolation or estrangement will only push the world into division and even confrontation. We cannot tackle common challenges in a divided world, and confrontation will lead us to a dead end. Humanity has learned lessons the hard way, and that history is not long gone. We must not return to the path of the past.
我们要秉持人类命运共同体理念，坚守和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，摆脱意识形态偏见，最大程度增强合作机制、理念、政策的开放性和包容性，共同维护世界和平稳定。要建设开放型世界经济，坚定维护多边贸易体制，不搞歧视性、排他性标准、规则、体系，不搞割裂贸易、投资、技术的高墙壁垒。要巩固二十国集团作为全球经济治理主要平台的地位，密切宏观经济政策协调，维护全球产业链供应链稳定顺畅，维护全球金融体系稳健运行，推进结构性改革，扩大全球总需求，推动世界经济实现更高质量、更有韧性的发展。
The right approach is to act on the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind. We should uphold the common values of humanity, i.e., peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom, rise above ideological prejudice, make the mechanisms, principles and policies of our cooperation as open and inclusive as possible, and jointly safeguard world peace and stability. We should build an open world economy, uphold the multilateral trading regime, discard discriminatory and exclusionary standards, rules and systems, and take down barriers to trade, investment and technological exchanges. We should strengthen the G20 as the premier forum for global economic governance, engage in closer macroeconomic policy coordination, and keep the global industrial and supply chains stable and open. We should ensure the sound operation of the global financial system, promote structural reform and expand global aggregate demand in an effort to strive for higher quality and stronger resilience in global economic development.
——我们要坚持以国际法则为基础，不搞唯我独尊。中国古人讲：“法者，治之端也。”国际社会应该按照各国共同达成的规则和共识来治理，而不能由一个或几个国家来发号施令。联合国宪章是公认的国与国关系的基本准则。没有这些国际社会共同制定、普遍公认的国际法则，世界最终将滑向弱肉强食的丛林法则，给人类带来灾难性后果。
Second, we should stay committed to international law and international rules instead of seeking one’s own supremacy. Ancient Chinese believed that “the law is the very foundation of governance”. International governance should be based on the rules and consensus reached among us, not on the order given by one or the few. The Charter of the United Nations is the basic and universally recognized norms governing state-to-state relations. Without international law and international rules that are formed and recognized by the global community, the world may fall back to the law of the jungle, and the consequence would be devastating for humanity.
我们要厉行国际法治，毫不动摇维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序。多边机构是践行多边主义的平台，也是维护多边主义的基本框架，其权威性和有效性理应得到维护。要坚持通过制度和规则来协调规范各国关系，反对恃强凌弱，不能谁胳膊粗、拳头大谁说了算，也不能以多边主义之名、行单边主义之实。要坚持原则，规则一旦确定，大家都要有效遵循。“有选择的多边主义”不应成为我们的选择。
We need to be resolute in championing the international rule of law, and steadfast in our resolve to safeguard the international system centered around the UN and the international order based on international law. Multilateral institutions, which provide the platforms for putting multilateralism into action and which are the basic architecture underpinning multilateralism, should have their authority and effectiveness safeguarded. State-to-state relations should be coordinated and regulated through proper institutions and rules. The strong should not bully the weak. Decision should not be made by simply showing off strong muscles or waving a big fist. Multilateralism should not be used as pretext for acts of unilateralism. Principles should be preserved and rules, once made, should be followed by all. “Selective multilateralism” should not be our option.
——我们要坚持协商合作，不搞冲突对抗。各国历史文化和社会制度差异不是对立对抗的理由，而是合作的动力。要尊重和包容差异，不干涉别国内政，通过协商对话解决分歧。历史和现实一再告诉我们，当今世界，如果走对立对抗的歧路，无论是搞冷战、热战，还是贸易战、科技战，最终将损害各国利益、牺牲人民福祉。
Third, we should stay committed to consultation and cooperation instead of conflict and confrontation. Differences in history, culture and social system should not be an excuse for antagonism or confrontation, but rather an incentive for cooperation. We should respect and accommodate differences, avoid meddling in other countries’ internal affairs, and resolve disagreements through consultation and dialogue. History and reality have made it clear, time and again, that the misguided approach of antagonism and confrontation, be it in the form of cold war, hot war, trade war or tech war, would eventually hurt all countries’ interests and undermine everyone’s well-being.
我们要摒弃冷战思维、零和博弈的旧理念，坚持互尊互谅，通过战略沟通增进政治互信。要恪守互利共赢的合作观，拒绝以邻为壑、自私自利的狭隘政策，抛弃垄断发展优势的片面做法，保障各国平等发展权利，促进共同发展繁荣。要提倡公平公正基础上的竞争，开展你追我赶、共同提高的田径赛，而不是搞相互攻击、你死我活的角斗赛。
We should reject the outdated Cold War and zero-sum game mentality, adhere to mutual respect and accommodation, and enhance political trust through strategic communication. It is important that we stick to the cooperation concept based on mutual benefit, say no to narrow-minded, selfish beggar-thy-neighbor policies, and stop unilateral practice of keeping advantages in development all to oneself. Equal rights to development should be guaranteed for all countries to promote common development and prosperity. We should advocate fair competition, like competing with each other for excellence in a racing field, not beating each other on a wrestling arena.
——我们要坚持与时俱进，不搞故步自封。世界正在经历百年未有之大变局，既是大发展的时代，也是大变革的时代。21世纪的多边主义要守正出新、面向未来，既要坚持多边主义的核心价值和基本原则，也要立足世界格局变化，着眼应对全球性挑战需要，在广泛协商、凝聚共识基础上改革和完善全球治理体系。
Fourth, we should stay committed to keeping up with the times instead of rejecting change. The world is undergoing changes unseen in a century, and now is the time for major development and major transformation. To uphold multilateralism in the 21st century, we should promote its fine tradition, take on new perspectives and look to the future. We need to stand by the core values and basic principles of multilateralism. We also need to adapt to the changing international landscape and respond to global challenges as they arise. We need to reform and improve the global governance system on the basis of extensive consultation and consensus-building.
我们要发挥世界卫生组织作用，构建人类卫生健康共同体。要推进世界贸易组织和国际金融货币体系改革，促进世界经济增长，保障发展中国家发展权益和空间。要秉持以人为中心、基于事实的政策导向，探讨制定全球数字治理规则。要落实应对气候变化《巴黎协定》，促进绿色发展。要坚持发展优先，落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，确保各国特别是发展中国家分享全球发展带来的好处。
We need to give full play to the role of the World Health Organization in building a global community of health for all. We need to advance reform of the World Trade Organization and the international financial and monetary system in a way that boosts global economic growth and protects the development rights, interests and opportunities of developing countries. We need to follow a people-centered and fact-based policy orientation in exploring and formulating rules on global digital governance. We need to deliver on the Paris Agreement on climate change and promote green development. We need to give continued priority to development, implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and make sure that all countries, especially developing ones, share in the fruits of global development.
女士们、先生们、朋友们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
中国人民经过长期艰苦奋斗，全面建成小康社会胜利在望，脱贫攻坚取得历史性成果，开启了全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程。我们将立足新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，积极构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，同各国一道，共建持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。
After decades of strenuous efforts by the Chinese people, China is on course to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We have made historic gains in ending extreme poverty, and have embarked on a new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country. As China enters a new development stage, we will follow a new development philosophy and foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. China will work with other countries to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity.
——中国将继续积极参与国际抗疫合作。抗击疫情是国际社会面临的最紧迫任务。这既是坚持人民至上、生命至上的基本要求，也是稳定恢复经济的基本前提。我们要深化团结合作，加强信息共享和联防联控，坚决打赢全球疫情阻击战。特别是要加强疫苗研发、生产、分配合作，让疫苗真正成为各国人民用得上、用得起的公共产品。中国迄今已向150多个国家和13个国际组织提供抗疫援助，为有需要的国家派出36个医疗专家组，积极支持并参与疫苗国际合作。中国将继续同各国分享疫情防控有益经验，向应对疫情能力薄弱的国家和地区提供力所能及的帮助，促进疫苗在发展中国家的可及性和可负担性，助力世界早日彻底战胜疫情。
– China will continue to take an active part in international cooperation on COVID-19. Containing the coronavirus is the most pressing task for the international community. This is because people and their lives must always be put before anything else. It is also what it takes to stabilize and revive the economy. Closer solidarity and cooperation, more information sharing, and a stronger global response are what we need to defeat COVID-19 across the world. It is especially important to scale up cooperation on the R&D, production and distribution of vaccines and make them public goods that are truly accessible and affordable to people in all countries. By now, China has provided assistance to over 150 countries and 13 international organizations, sent 36 medical expert teams to countries in need, and stayed strongly supportive and actively engaged in international cooperation on COVID vaccines. China will continue to share its experience with other countries, do its best to assist countries and regions that are less prepared for the pandemic, and work for greater accessibility and affordability of COVID vaccines in developing countries. We hope these efforts will contribute to an early and complete victory over the coronavirus throughout the world.
——中国将继续实施互利共赢的开放战略。经济全球化是社会生产力发展的客观要求和科技进步的必然结果，利用疫情搞“去全球化”、搞封闭脱钩，不符合任何一方利益。中国始终支持经济全球化，坚定实施对外开放基本国策。中国将继续促进贸易和投资自由化便利化，维护全球产业链供应链顺畅稳定，推进高质量共建“一带一路”。中国将着力推动规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放，持续打造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境，发挥超大市场优势和内需潜力，为各国合作提供更多机遇，为世界经济复苏和增长注入更多动力。
– China will continue to implement a win-win strategy of opening-up. Economic globalization meets the need of growing social productivity and is a natural outcome of scientific and technological advancement. It serves no one’s interest to use the pandemic as an excuse to reverse globalization and go for seclusion and decoupling. As a longstanding supporter of economic globalization, China is committed to following through on its fundamental policy of opening-up. China will continue to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, help keep the global industrial and supply chains smooth and stable, and advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. China will promote institutional opening-up that covers rules, regulations, management and standards. We will foster a business environment that is based on market principles, governed by law and up to international standards, and unleash the potential of the huge China market and enormous domestic demand. We hope these efforts will bring more cooperation opportunities to other countries and give further impetus to global economic recovery and growth.
——中国将继续促进可持续发展。中国将全面落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程。中国将加强生态文明建设，加快调整优化产业结构、能源结构，倡导绿色低碳的生产生活方式。我已经宣布，中国力争于2030年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值、2060年前实现碳中和。实现这个目标，中国需要付出极其艰巨的努力。我们认为，只要是对全人类有益的事情，中国就应该义不容辞地做，并且做好。中国正在制定行动方案并已开始采取具体措施，确保实现既定目标。中国这么做，是在用实际行动践行多边主义，为保护我们的共同家园、实现人类可持续发展作出贡献。
– China will continue to promote sustainable development. China will fully implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It will do more on the ecological front, by transforming and improving its industrial structure and energy mix at a faster pace and promoting a green, low-carbon way of life and production. I have announced China’s goal of striving to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Meeting these targets will require tremendous hard work from China. Yet we believe that when the interests of the entire humanity are at stake, China must step forward, take action, and get the job done. China is drawing up action plans and taking specific measures already to make sure we meet the set targets. We are doing this as a concrete action to uphold multilateralism and as a contribution to protecting our shared home and realizing sustainable development of humanity.
——中国将继续推进科技创新。科技创新是人类社会发展的重要引擎，是应对许多全球性挑战的有力武器，也是中国构建新发展格局、实现高质量发展的必由之路。中国将加大科技投入，狠抓创新体系建设，加速科技成果向现实生产力转化，加强知识产权保护，推动实现依靠创新驱动的内涵型增长。科技成果应该造福全人类，而不应该成为限制、遏制其他国家发展的手段。中国将以更加开放的思维和举措推进国际科技交流合作，同各国携手打造开放、公平、公正、非歧视的科技发展环境，促进互惠共享。
– China will continue to advance science, technology and innovation. Science, technology and innovation is a key engine for human progress, a powerful weapon in tackling many global challenges, and the only way for China to foster a new development paradigm and achieve high-quality development. China will invest more in science and technology, develop an enabling system for innovation as a priority, turn breakthroughs in science and technology into actual productivity at a faster pace, and enhance intellectual property protection, all for the purpose of fostering innovation-driven, higher-quality growth. Scientific and technological advances should benefit all humanity rather than be used to curb and contain other countries’ development. China will think and act with more openness with regard to international exchange and cooperation on science and technology. We will work with other countries to create an open, fair, equitable and non-discriminatory environment for scientific and technological advancement that is beneficial to all and shared by all.
——中国将继续推动构建新型国际关系。你输我赢、赢者通吃不是中国人的处世哲学。中国坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，努力以对话弥合分歧、以谈判化解争端，在相互尊重、平等互利基础上，积极发展同各国友好合作关系。作为发展中国家的坚定一员，中国将不断深化南南合作，为发展中国家消除贫困、缓解债务压力、实现经济增长作出贡献。中国将更加积极地参与全球经济治理，推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展。
– China will continue to promote a new type of international relations. Zero-sum game or winner-takes-all is not the guiding philosophy of the Chinese people. As a staunch follower of an independent foreign policy of peace, China is working hard to bridge differences through dialogue and resolve disputes through negotiation and to pursue friendly and cooperative relations with other countries on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit. As a steadfast member of developing countries, China will further deepen South-South cooperation, and contribute to the endeavor of developing countries to eradicate poverty, ease debt burden, and achieve more growth. China will get more actively engaged in global economic governance and push for an economic globalization that is more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all.
女士们、先生们、朋友们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
人类只有一个地球，人类也只有一个共同的未来。无论是应对眼下的危机，还是共创美好的未来，人类都需要同舟共济、团结合作。实践一再证明，任何以邻为壑的做法，任何单打独斗的思路，任何孤芳自赏的傲慢，最终都必然归于失败！让我们携起手来，让多边主义火炬照亮人类前行之路，向着构建人类命运共同体不断迈进！
There is only one Earth and one shared future for humanity. As we cope with the current crisis and endeavor to make a better day for everyone, we need to stand united and work together. We have been shown time and again that to beggar thy neighbor, to go it alone, and to slip into arrogant isolation will always fail. Let us all join hands and let multilateralism light our way toward a community with a shared future for mankind.
谢谢大家。
Thank you.
