国务院新闻办公室10日发布《新时代的中国国际发展合作》白皮书。全文如下：
新时代的中国国际发展合作
China’s International Development Cooperation in the New Era
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
（2021年1月）
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
January 2021
目录
前言
一、人类命运共同体理念引领新时代中国国际发展合作
（一）中国国际发展合作的文化根脉和精神源泉
（二）新时代的中国国际发展合作观
（三）中国国际发展合作的政策主张
（四）中国开展国际发展合作的务实举措
二、新时代中国国际发展合作取得新进展
（一）规模稳步扩大
（二）方式更加多元
（三）改革管理实现新突破
三、助力共建“一带一路”国际合作
（一）深化政策沟通
（二）加快设施联通
（三）推动贸易畅通
（四）促进资金融通
（五）增进民心相通
四、推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程
（一）助力消除贫困
（二）提升粮食安全
（三）推动卫生发展
（四）保障优质教育
（五）促进性别平等
（六）改善基础设施
（七）推进可持续创新经济增长
（八）支持生态环保
五、携手应对全球人道主义挑战
（一）开展自然灾害应急救援
（二）响应公共卫生突发事件
（三）提供粮食援助应对饥荒
（四）参与灾后恢复与重建
（五）提高防灾减灾能力
（六）参与缓解移民和难民危机
六、支持发展中国家增强自主发展能力
（一）提高治理能力
（二）推动技术进步
七、加强国际交流与三方合作
（一）开展国际交流和三方合作的总体立场
（二）深化对话交流与务实合作
八、中国国际发展合作展望
（一）助力构建人类卫生健康共同体
（二）推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程
（三）提升国际发展合作能力和水平
结束语
Contents
Preface
I. International Development Cooperation in the New Era and a Global Community of Shared Future
II. Achieving New Progress in International Development Cooperation
III. Boosting International Cooperation on the Belt and Road
IV. Contributing to the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
V. Responding to Global Humanitarian Challenges Together
VI. Supporting the Endogenous Growth of Developing Countries
VII. Strengthening International Exchanges and Tripartite Cooperation
VIII. Future Prospects for China’s International Development Cooperation
Conclusion
前言
Preface
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。中华人民共和国成立以来，中国秉持国际主义和人道主义精神，始终关注和支持其他发展中国家改善民生、谋求发展的事业。新中国成立伊始，在国家百废待兴、财力紧张的情况下，中国即开始向有关国家提供援助，为发展中国家争取民族独立和解放、促进经济社会发展提供有力支持，奠定了中国与广大发展中国家长期友好合作的坚实基础。改革开放以来，中国对外援助内容更加丰富、形式更加多样，促进了中国与其他发展中国家的共同发展。
China is the largest developing country in the world. Since its founding in 1949, the People’s Republic of China has always demonstrated a spirit of internationalism and humanitarianism following and supporting other developing countries’ efforts to improve their people’s lives and achieve development. From the outset, even though China was itself short of funds, it started offering assistance to needy countries in support of their fight for national independence and liberation, and their effort to promote economic and social development, which laid a solid foundation for long-term friendship and cooperation with those countries. After launching reform and opening up in 1978, China has provided other developing economies with even more aid in more diverse forms to boost common development.
中共十八大以来，中国发展进入新时代。习近平主席从全球视角思考责任担当，提出构建人类命运共同体、共建“一带一路”等新思想新倡议，倡导正确义利观和真实亲诚、亲诚惠容理念，在一系列重大国际场合宣布务实合作举措，为破解全球发展难题、推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程提出中国方案、贡献中国智慧、注入中国力量。中国的对外援助顺应时代要求，向国际发展合作转型升级，呈现新气象、实现新发展、进入新时代。
China entered a new era after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012. President Xi Jinping has considered China’s responsibilities from a global perspective, and proposed the vision of a global community of shared future and the Belt and Road Initiative. China is committed to pursuing the greater good and shared interests, and upholding the principles of sincerity, real results, affinity, and good faith for developing relations with other developing countries and the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness for expanding relations with neighboring countries. To this end, President Xi has taken advantage of many major international occasions to announce a broad range of cooperation measures. These present China’s approach, offer its vision, and contribute its strength to resolving global development issues and implementing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In response to the call of the times, China has been upgrading its foreign assistance to a model of international development cooperation, taking on new initiatives and achieving greater results in this new era.
为介绍新时代中国国际发展合作（注1）的理念和实践，展望未来中国开展国际发展合作的政策举措，特发布本白皮书。
The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to introduce China’s views on international development cooperation in the new era, the actions it has taken, and its plans for the future.
一、人类命运共同体理念引领新时代中国国际发展合作
I. International Development Cooperation in the New Era and a Global Community of Shared Future
当今世界，各国相互联系、相互依存日益紧密，人类越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。新时代的中国国际发展合作，以推动构建人类命运共同体为引领，精神内涵更加丰富，目标方向更加清晰，行动实践更有活力。
The unprecedented level of interconnection and interdependence among countries binds them into a global community of shared future. Guided by this vision, China’s international development cooperation in the new era has a more profound philosophical basis and clearer goals, which lead to more concrete actions.
（一）中国国际发展合作的文化根脉和精神源泉
1. Cultural and Philosophical Origins
讲信义、重情义、扬正义、树道义的文化基因和国家品格，是中国国际发展合作不断向前发展的内生动力。
China has a cultural foundation and national character that attach great importance to good faith, friendship, justice and righteousness. This is an inherent force driving China’s development cooperation, which is based on the following notions:
——中国开展国际发展合作，源于中华民族的天下大同理念。追求“大道之行、天下为公”、崇尚“亲仁善邻、协和万邦”、倡导“和衷共济、守望相助”，是融入中华民族血脉的文化基因，是中国开展国际发展合作的坚守和追求。中国秉承“天下一家、命运与共”的价值理念，推崇公正合理的国际关系，坚定做全球发展的贡献者。
– The Chinese nation’s ideal of universal harmony. China pursues an ideal world where the Great Way rules for the common good, respects the principles of good neighborliness and harmony in relations with all other countries, and advocates cooperation and mutual help. Deep rooted in Chinese culture, these are the firm beliefs that inspire China’s development cooperation. Upholding the belief that all countries are members of a global village with shared future, China advocates fairer and more equitable international relations, and steadfastly contributes to global development.
——中国开展国际发展合作，源于中国人民投桃报李的朴实情感。在自身发展过程中，中国得到了有关国家和国际组织的宝贵支持和帮助，中国人民铭记于心。中华文化崇尚滴水之恩、涌泉相报。中国愿毫无保留地分享行之有效的发展经验，让发展之花在世界更多地方盛开，让发展果实造福更多国家和人民。
– The Chinese idea of repaying kindness with kindness. The Chinese people will always remember the support and help that China has received from other countries and international organizations. Chinese culture admires those who return the favor of a drop of water in need with a spring of water indeed. China is willing to share its successful experience without reservation to boost development in other places and benefit more countries and peoples.
——中国开展国际发展合作，源于中国的国际主义情怀。中国人民历来富有正义感和同情心。1950年，刚刚成立的新中国就克服重重困难，竭尽全力支持其他国家的民族独立运动。70多年来，中华民族砥砺奋进，从积贫积弱逐步走向繁荣富强。中国人民不仅希望自己过得好，也希望别人过得好，愿在力所能及的范围内，为其他发展中国家的人民实现对美好生活的向往作出贡献。
– The Chinese tradition of internationalism. The Chinese people always preserve a sense of justice and a feeling of sympathy. In 1950, just one year after the founding of the People’s Republic, China did its utmost to support other countries in their campaigns for national independence in spite of its own difficulties. Over the past seven decades, the Chinese nation has forged ahead, moving from poverty and backwardness towards strength and prosperity. The Chinese people hope that other peoples will also lead a good life while theirs is improving, and are willing to contribute as much as they can to other developing countries’ efforts to satisfy their people’s aspiration for a better life.
——中国开展国际发展合作，源于中国的大国责任担当。中国是联合国创始成员国和安理会常任理事国。中国坚守和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，坚定走和平发展、开放发展、合作发展、共同发展道路。积极开展国际发展合作，是中国作为国际社会负责任成员的应尽责任和义务。中国把为人类作出新的更大贡献作为使命，愿努力为国际社会提供更多公共产品，与各国共创更加美好的未来。
– China’s sense of responsibility as a major country. China is a founding member of the United Nations and also a permanent member of the UN Security Council. It upholds the universal values of humanity – peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom – and sticks to a development path that is peaceful, open, cooperative and inclusive. China considers it a duty to actively engage in development cooperation as a responsible member of the international community. China considers it a mission to contribute more to humanity. Its wish is to offer more public goods to the international community and join forces with other countries to build a better common future.
（二）新时代的中国国际发展合作观
2. China’s Approaches to Development Cooperation
中共十八大以来，中国的国际发展合作在实践中不断发展，形成了既一脉相承又富有新时代特色的中国国际发展合作观。
Based on its experience in international development cooperation since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has formed distinctive approaches in keeping with the new era while maintaining its fine traditions, as elaborated below.
——推动构建人类命运共同体是中国开展国际发展合作的崇高使命。人类命运休戚与共，没有发展中国家的发展，就不可能实现世界的稳定和繁荣。中国开展国际发展合作，帮助其他发展中国家减少贫困、改善民生，旨在同发展中国家一道，促进缩小南北发展差距、消除发展赤字，建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。
– Promoting a global community of shared future is the mission of China’s international development cooperation. Humanity shares a common stake in development, and world stability and prosperity cannot be achieved unless developing countries can progress. By helping other developing countries reduce poverty and improve their people’s lives, China works together with them to narrow the North-South gap, eliminate the deficit in development, establish a new model of international relations based on mutual respect, equity, justice and win-win cooperation, and build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity.
——坚持正确义利观是中国开展国际发展合作的价值导向。正确义利观坚持义利相兼、以义为先，这既是中国传统文化的弘扬，也是中国国际主义精神的体现。中国开展国际发展合作以正确义利观为导向，希望全世界共同做大发展蛋糕，特别是希望发展中国家加快发展，共享开放发展的机遇和成果。恪守互利共赢原则，在对发展中国家提供力所能及的帮助时，重视和照顾其他国家的利益需求，重义轻利、舍利取义。
– Pursuing the greater good and shared interests, with higher priority given to the former, is the underlying guideline. This represents one of China’s cultural traditions and embodies its belief in internationalism. Under this guideline, China strives to make the cake of prosperity bigger, and hopes developing countries will advance faster to share the opportunities and benefits offered by open development. Observing the principle of mutual benefit for win-win outcomes, it offers as much assistance as it can while taking into consideration of the interests and needs of other developing countries.
——南南合作是中国开展国际发展合作的基本定位。中国发展取得巨大成就，但是中国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家的国际地位没有变。中国开展国际发展合作，是发展中国家之间的相互帮助，属于南南合作范畴，与南北合作有着本质区别。作为南南合作的坚定支持者、积极参与者和重要贡献者，中国将继续承担与自身发展阶段和实际能力相适应的国际责任，促进南南合作深化发展，实现联合自强。
– South-South cooperation is the focus. In spite of China’s tremendous achievements, two realities have not changed: China is in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, and China is still the world’s largest developing economy. China’s development cooperation is a form of mutual assistance between developing countries. It falls into the category of South-South cooperation and therefore is essentially different from North-South cooperation. China is a staunch supporter, active participant and key contributor of South-South cooperation. It will continue to shoulder the international responsibilities commensurate with its development level and capacity, and further expand South-South cooperation, so as to promote joint efforts for common development.
——共建“一带一路”是中国开展国际发展合作的重要平台。丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路是中国为世界提供的重要公共产品。中国国际发展合作以共建“一带一路”为平台，积极参与、配合“一带一路”建设，促进相关国家政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通，为将“一带一路”打造成为和平之路、繁荣之路、开放之路、绿色之路、创新之路、文明之路、廉洁之路作出积极贡献。
– Belt and Road cooperation is a major platform. The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road are significant public goods China offers to the whole world and a major platform for international development cooperation. China has joined hands with other countries to promote policy, infrastructure, trade, financial and people-to-people connectivity, to build the Belt and Road into a path towards peace, prosperity, opening up, innovation, green development, cultural exchanges, and clean government.
——帮助其他发展中国家落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程是中国开展国际发展合作的重要方向。联合国2030年可持续发展议程是指导全球发展合作的纲领性文件，与共建“一带一路”高度契合。近年来，全球落实进程取得初步进展，但全球发展不平衡不充分的现象仍然突出，新冠肺炎疫情全球蔓延为落实议程带来严峻挑战。如期实现可持续发展目标，不让任何一个国家、任何一个人掉队任重道远。中国通过开展国际发展合作，增强有关国家发展能力，优化发展伙伴关系，帮助其他发展中国家克服疫情影响，加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，实现共同繁荣。
– Helping other developing countries to pursue the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a key goal. The 2030 Agenda is a guiding blueprint for development cooperation around the world and has a lot in common with the Belt and Road Initiative. The international community has made initial progress in achieving the agenda’s goals in recent years, but global development remains unbalanced and inadequate. The Covid-19 pandemic has posed a serious threat to the 2030 Agenda, making it a tough task to achieve its goals in all countries and for all people as scheduled. Through international cooperation on improving development capacity and optimizing development partnerships, China has helped other developing countries mitigate the impact of the pandemic, so as to accelerate action for the 2030 Agenda and achieve common prosperity.
（三）中国国际发展合作的政策主张
3. China’s Principles for Development Cooperation
新时代中国开展国际发展合作，秉持以下政策主张：
China’s principles for international development cooperation are as follows:
——相互尊重，平等相待。中国一贯主张在和平共处五项原则基础上开展国际发展合作，坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，都是国际社会平等成员。开展国际发展合作时，不干预其他国家探索符合国情的发展道路，不干涉其他国家内政，不把自己的意志强加于人，不附加任何政治条件，不谋取政治私利。
– Respecting each other as equals. China always supports development cooperation on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It holds that all countries, regardless of size, strength and wealth, are equal members of the international community. When cooperating with other countries for development, no country should interfere in their efforts to find a development path suited to their own national conditions, interfere in their internal affairs, impose its own will on them, attach political strings, or pursue political self-interest.
——量力而行，尽力而为。统筹国内国际两个大局，注重发挥比较优势，履行与国力相匹配的国际义务，在南南合作框架内，向其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助。充分尊重其他发展中国家的意见，通过友好协商确定合作项目，不做超越合作伙伴发展阶段、不符合合作伙伴实际需要的事。坚持言必信、行必果，重信守诺，善始善终，不开“空头支票”。
– Doing the best we can to help. Taking both the domestic and international situation into consideration, China gives full play to its comparative strengths, and perform international duties compatible with its national strength. Within the framework of South-South cooperation, it provides as much assistance to other developing countries as it can. China respects other developing countries’ opinions, and determines cooperation projects through friendly consultation and mutual agreement. It does not launch projects in conflict with its partners’ development level and needs. China is always true in word and resolute in deed. It honors its commitments and ensures all projects achieve good results.
——聚焦发展，改善民生。发展是各国的第一要务。中国开展国际发展合作时，重视对接各国发展战略规划，积极回应发展中国家经济社会发展的优先需求，把增进各国民生福祉作为发展合作的出发点，加大对减贫、减灾、教育、卫生、农业、就业、环保和应对气候变化等领域的投入，积极参与紧急人道主义救援行动，让更多实实在在的发展成果惠及普通民众。
– Focusing on development and improving people’s lives. Development is the top priority of all countries. When carrying out development cooperation, China emphasizes coordination of plans and strategies with partner countries, and responds to the priority needs of developing countries for social and economic progress. Aiming to improve people’s wellbeing and provide them with tangible gains, it increases investment in poverty alleviation, disaster relief, education, health care, agriculture, employment, environmental protection, and climate change response, and actively participates in emergency humanitarian relief operations.
——授人以渔，自主发展。充分考虑其他发展中国家的资源禀赋、发展水平和发展诉求，通过多种方式毫无保留地将发展经验和行业技术分享给其他发展中国家，尽力为其培养本土人才和技术力量，注重增强自身“造血”能力，挖掘增长潜力，实现多元、自主和可持续发展。
– Providing the means for independent development. Fully considering the resources, development level and needs of other developing countries, China shares unreservedly its experience and technologies with them by various means, and trains local talent and technicians for them, so as to empower them to tap their own potential for diversified, independent and sustainable development.
——形式多样，讲求实效。中国在长期实践中形成了具有中国特色的援助方式，包括援建成套项目、提供物资、开展技术合作、开展人力资源开发合作、实施南南合作援助基金项目、派遣援外医疗队、开展志愿服务、提供紧急人道主义援助、减免债务等。根据外方实际需求和情况，因地制宜选择或搭配使用适宜方式，争取实际效果最大化。注重提高资金使用效率。
– Conducting effective cooperation in diverse forms. China has developed distinctive forms of foreign assistance throughout its long-term experience, including: complete projects, goods and materials, technical cooperation, cooperation in human resources development, South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund (SSCAF), medical teams, outbound volunteers, emergency humanitarian aid, and debt relief. In accordance with its partners’ actual needs and conditions, China chooses the optimal forms of cooperation to maximize the results. It champions the efficient use of funds to their best value.
——善始善终，注重持续。中国通过加强实施管理、监督评估，切实保障项目质量。注重已建成项目后续运营，提供配套技术服务，推进投资、建设、运营一体化，维护中国援助的品牌和信誉，放大综合效益。推进职业培训教育和技术合作，支持有关国家项目管理人才能力培养，促进项目管理本地化，提升项目持续影响。对出现偿债困难的国家主张通过双边渠道协商解决，支持低收入国家实现债务可持续。
– Ensuring delivery and sustainability. China prioritizes implementation management, supervision and evaluation to ensure the quality of projects. In order to maintain the reputation and credibility of China-aid projects and increase their overall efficiency, China pays close attention to the operation of completed projects, provides follow-up technical support, and boosts the integration of investment, construction and operation. To ensure lasting impact, it promotes vocational training and technical cooperation, and helps countries to improve the skills of their project management personnel and localize project management. China seeks solutions through bilateral consultations with countries in difficulty for repayment of debts, and helps low-income countries to achieve debt sustainability.
——开放包容，交流互鉴。深化与其他国家在国际发展合作领域的沟通和交流，增信释疑、互学互鉴。在尊重受援国意愿的前提下，按照“受援国提出、受援国同意、受援国主导”的原则，积极同有关国家和国际组织探讨和开展务实合作。本着开放的精神，通过多种形式阐述中国国际发展合作的政策、资金、管理等情况。
– Being open and inclusive to promote exchanges and mutual learning. China furthers its international communication on development cooperation to dispel doubts, increase mutual trust, and seek mutual learning. It respects the wishes of countries in receipt of aid, and discusses and launches cooperation with other countries and international organizations based on the principle that projects should be proposed, agreed and led by recipient countries. In a spirit of openness, China explains through various channels its policies, funding and management for development cooperation to the rest of the world.
——与时俱进，创新发展。顺应时代潮流和国内外形势发展，既坚持中国特色，又积极改革创新。汲取其他国家和国际组织开展国际发展合作的有益经验，根据发展中国家发展目标和合作需求，改革体制机制，健全规章制度，丰富合作方式，充实合作内容，推进国际发展合作提质增效。
– Advancing with the times and breaking new ground. Following the trends of the times and the changes in the domestic and international situation, China introduces reforms and innovations to its development cooperation while remaining true to its own principles. Absorbing the experience of other countries and international organizations in this field, and based on the development goals and needs of developing countries, China makes institutional reforms, improves regulations, diversifies forms, and expands areas of interest to increase the quality and effectiveness of cooperation.
（四）中国开展国际发展合作的务实举措
4. Practical Measures for Development Cooperation
中国开展国际发展合作，既有郑重庄严的承诺，更有实实在在的行动。习近平主席在多个重大国际场合宣布中国开展国际发展合作的一系列务实举措，为全球发展作出中国贡献。
Respecting its solemn commitments, China has taken practical actions in development cooperation. President Xi Jinping has announced measures for development cooperation on many international occasions, which will contribute to global development.
——履行大国责任，积极为全球发展提供公共产品。2015年9月，在联合国成立70周年系列峰会期间，习近平主席宣布5年内提供“6个100”项目支持，包括100个减贫项目、100个农业合作项目、100个促贸援助项目、100个生态保护和应对气候变化项目、100所医院和诊所、100所学校和职业培训中心，帮助实施100个“妇幼健康工程”和100个“快乐校园工程”，设立南南合作援助基金，设立中国－联合国和平与发展基金，提供来华培训和奖学金名额，免除有关国家无息贷款债务，设立南南合作与发展学院和国际发展知识中心等重要举措。
– Fulfilling its duties as a major country and providing global development with public goods.
During the summits commemorating the UN’s 70th anniversary in September 2015, President Xi announced the following commitments for the next five years:
• supporting “six 100 projects” – 100 poverty reduction projects, 100 agricultural cooperation projects, 100 aid for trade projects, 100 ecological conservation and climate change response projects, 100 hospitals and clinics, and 100 schools and vocational training centers;
• helping implement 100 maternal and child health care projects and 100 “happy campus” projects;
• setting up an assistance fund for South-South cooperation and a China-UN peace and development fund;
• launching training and scholarship programs for people from other developing countries to study in China;
• writing off debts on eligible countries’ interest-free loans; and
• establishing an institute of South-South cooperation and development and a center for international knowledge on development.
2020年5月18日，在第73届世界卫生大会视频会议开幕式上，习近平主席宣布两年内提供20亿美元国际援助、与联合国合作在华设立全球人道主义应急仓库和枢纽、建立30个中非对口医院合作机制、中国新冠疫苗研发完成并投入使用后将作为全球公共产品、同二十国集团成员一道落实“暂缓最贫困国家债务偿付倡议”等中国支持全球抗疫的一系列重大举措。
At the opening of the virtual 73rd World Health Assembly on May 18, 2020, President Xi announced measures for supporting international cooperation against Covid-19, including: providing an assistance fund of US$2 billion over two years; working with the UN to set up a global humanitarian response depot and hub in China; establishing a cooperation mechanism for its hospitals to pair up with 30 African hospitals; making Covid-19 vaccines available as a global public good once they have been developed and applied in China; and working with other G20 members to implement the Debt Service Suspension Initiative for the poorest countries.
——依托“一带一路”合作平台，加大对其他发展中国家的援助力度。在2017年首届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛上，习近平主席宣布未来3年内提供600亿元人民币援助，建设更多民生项目；提供20亿元人民币紧急粮食援助，向南南合作援助基金增资10亿美元，实施100个“幸福家园”、100个“爱心助困”、100个“康复助医”等项目；向有关国际组织提供10亿美元等一系列重要举措。在2019年第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛上，习近平主席宣布实施“一带一路”应对气候变化南南合作计划，深化农业、卫生、减灾、水资源等领域合作，邀请1万名代表来华交流，鼓励和支持沿线国家社会组织广泛开展民生合作，持续实施“丝绸之路”中国政府奖学金项目等一系列重要举措。
– Increasing aid to other developing countries within the Belt and Road framework. At the First Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in 2017, President Xi announced that China would: provide assistance worth RMB60 billion to launch more projects to improve people’s wellbeing in the following three years; provide emergency food aid worth RMB2 billion; make an additional contribution of US$1 billion to the SSCAF; launch 100 “happy home” projects, 100 poverty alleviation projects, and 100 health care and rehabilitation projects; and provide relevant international organizations with US$1 billion. At the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in 2019, President Xi announced that China would: implement the Belt and Road South-South Cooperation Initiative on Climate Change; expand cooperation in agriculture, health, disaster mitigation and water resources; invite 10,000 representatives to visit China; encourage and support extensive cooperation on public wellbeing projects among social organizations of participating countries; and continue to run the Chinese government scholarship Silk Road Program.
——通过区域合作机制，提出同各地区发展中国家的合作方案。在中非合作论坛、上海合作组织、中国－葡语国家经贸合作论坛、中国－阿拉伯国家合作论坛、中国－拉共体论坛、中国－加勒比经贸合作论坛、中国－太平洋岛国经济发展合作论坛等双多边会议上，习近平主席提出一系列援助措施，帮助有关国家促进经济社会发展、增进民生福祉。
– Proposing cooperation schemes with developing countries through regional cooperation mechanisms.
President Xi Jinping has proposed many aid plans to boost economic and social development and people’s wellbeing in recipient countries at bilateral and multilateral conferences such as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation Between China and Portuguese-Speaking Countries, the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, the Forum of China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the China-Caribbean Economic and Trade Cooperation Forum, and the China-Pacific Island Countries Economic Development and Cooperation Forum.
在2015年12月中非合作论坛约翰内斯堡峰会上，习近平主席宣布3年内，同非方重点实施中非工业化、农业现代化、基础设施、金融、绿色发展、贸易和投资便利化、减贫惠民、公共卫生、人文、和平与安全等“十大合作计划”。在2018年9月中非合作论坛北京峰会上，习近平主席宣布未来3年和今后一段时间重点实施产业促进、设施联通、贸易便利、绿色发展、能力建设、健康卫生、人文交流、和平安全等“八大行动”。在2020年6月中非团结抗疫特别峰会上，习近平主席宣布将继续全力支持非洲国家抗疫行动，并将同非方一道，加快落实中非合作论坛北京峰会成果，将合作重点向健康卫生、复工复产、改善民生领域倾斜，携手构建更加紧密的中非命运共同体。
At the FOCAC Johannesburg Summit in December 2015, President Xi put forward ten major cooperation programs with Africa for the following three years, covering industrialization, agricultural modernization, infrastructure, finance, green development, trade and investment facilitation, poverty reduction, public health, cultural and people-to-people exchanges, and peace and security. At the FOCAC Beijing Summit held in September 2018, President Xi stated that China would launch eight major initiatives in the next three years and beyond, covering industrial development, infrastructure connectivity, trade facilitation, green development, capacity building, health care, people-to-people exchanges, and peace and security. At the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity Against Covid-19 in June 2020, President Xi said that China would continue to do everything possible to support Africa’s response to Covid-19, work with Africa to accelerate the follow-ups to the FOCAC Beijing Summit, give greater priority to cooperation on public health, business reopening, and people’s wellbeing, and build an even stronger China-Africa community of shared future.
中国政府积极落实国际发展合作举措，上述有关举措均已按期落实或正按进度有序推进，转化为实实在在的中国贡献。
The Chinese government is actively fulfilling its commitments to development cooperation. All the measures listed above have been completed or are progressing as scheduled, turning into solid contributions to global development.
二、新时代中国国际发展合作取得新进展
II. Achieving New Progress in International Development Cooperation
中国国际发展合作规模稳步增长，并更多向亚洲、非洲地区最不发达国家和“一带一路”发展中国家倾斜。为更好适应国内外形势变化，中国改革管理体制，积极创新方式，提升合作效果，推动国际发展合作事业创新发展。
China has continued a steady increase in the scale of its international development cooperation, giving high priority to the least developed countries in Asia and Africa and developing countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative. To adapt to changes in the domestic and international situation, China has reformed its management system and is exploring new ways to promote international development cooperation with better results.
（一）规模稳步扩大
1. Steady Growth
中国稳步提高对外援助资金规模，进一步扩大援助范围。2013年至2018年，中国对外援助金额为2702亿元人民币，包括无偿援助、无息贷款和优惠贷款。其中，提供无偿援助1278亿元人民币，占对外援助总额的47.30%，重点用于帮助其他发展中国家建设中小型社会福利项目以及实施人力资源开发合作、技术合作、物资援助、南南合作援助基金和紧急人道主义援助项目。提供无息贷款113亿元人民币，占对外援助总额的4.18%，主要用于帮助其他发展中国家建设社会公共设施和民生项目。提供援外优惠贷款1311亿元人民币，占对外援助总额的48.52%，用于帮助其他发展中国家建设有经济社会效益的生产型项目和大中型基础设施，提供成套设备、机电产品、技术服务以及其他物资等。
China has steadily increased the scale and further expanded the scope of its foreign aid. From 2013 to 2018, China allocated a total of RMB270.2 billion for foreign assistance in three categories – grants, interest-free loans, and concessional loans. Grants of RMB127.8 billion, accounting for 47.3 percent of the total, mainly went to help other developing countries build small and medium-sized social welfare projects and to fund projects for cooperation in human resources development, technical cooperation, material assistance, and emergency humanitarian assistance, as well as projects under the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund. Interest-free loans of RMB11.3 billion, constituting 4.18 percent of the total, were mainly allocated to help developing countries construct public facilities and launch projects for improving local people’s lives. Concessional loans of RMB131.1 billion, making up 48.52 percent of the total, were provided to help developing countries undertake industrial projects and large and medium-sized infrastructure projects that yield economic and social benefits, and for the supply of technical services, complete sets of equipment, mechanical and electrical products, and other goods and materials.
2013年至2018年，中国共向亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比、大洋洲和欧洲等地区122个国家和20个国际和区域性多边组织提供援助。其中，亚洲地区30国，非洲地区53国，大洋洲地区9国，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区22国，欧洲地区8国。
From 2013 to 2018, China extended assistance to 20 regional and international multilateral organizations and 122 countries across the world – 30 in Asia, 53 in Africa, 9 in Oceania, 22 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 8 in Europe.
（二）方式更加多元
2. Diverse Forms
中国援助实施方式在援建成套项目、提供物资、开展技术合作等的基础上，新增南南合作援助基金项目，同时不断创新对外援助方式手段。
In addition to undertaking complete projects, providing goods and materials, and conducting technical cooperation, China set up the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund in 2015 to launch development cooperation programs, and continues to explore new models and methods of foreign aid.
——援建成套项目。2013年至2018年，中国共建设成套项目423个，重点集中于基础设施、农业等领域。除传统的“中方代建”援建模式外，在部分有条件的国家试点“受援方自建”方式，即在一些有完备工程建设招投标管理体系、具有组织实施经验的国家和地区，中国提供资金和技术支持，由有关国家自行负责项目的勘察、设计和建设及过程管理。
– Complete projects. From 2013 to 2018, China undertook the construction of 423 complete projects, with the focus on infrastructure and agriculture. In addition to the traditional “turnkey” model of assistance, China also launched pilot projects in some countries and regions with sound tendering processes and experience in organizing and implementing such projects. Under this model, China provided both funds and technical assistance to those projects, and the recipient countries were responsible for site survey, design, construction, and process management.
——提供一般物资。2013年至2018年，中国共向124个国家和地区提供物资援助890批，主要包括机械设备、检测设备、交通运输工具、药品以及医疗设备等。
– Goods and materials. From 2013 to 2018, China provided 124 countries and regions with 890 deliveries of goods and materials, most of which comprised mechanical equipment, inspection equipment, transport vehicles, medicine and medical devices.
——开展技术合作。2013年至2018年，中国共在95个国家和地区完成技术合作项目414个，主要涉及工业生产和管理、农业种植养殖、文化教育、体育训练、医疗卫生、清洁能源开发、规划咨询等领域。
– Technical cooperation. From 2013 to 2018, China completed 414 such projects in 95 countries and regions, mainly covering industrial production and management, agricultural planting and breeding, culture and education, sports and training, medical and health care, clean energy development, and planning and consulting.
——开展人力资源开发合作。中国通过实施官员研修研讨、技术人员培训、在职学历学位教育项目等方式，积极开展援外人力资源开发合作。项目涉及政治外交、公共管理、国家发展、农业减贫、医疗卫生、教育科研、文化体育、交通运输等17个领域共百余个专业。2013年至2018年，中国举办7000余期项目，共约20万名人员受益。
– Cooperation in human resources development. From 2013 to 2018, China held more than 7,000 training sessions and seminars for foreign officials and technical personnel and in-service education programs, training a total of some 200,000 people. Such projects cover more than 100 subjects in 17 fields, including politics and diplomacy, public administration, national development, poverty reduction through agricultural development, medical and health care, education and scientific research, culture and sports, and transport.
——南南合作援助基金。截至2019年底，中国与联合国开发计划署、世界粮食计划署、世界卫生组织、联合国儿童基金会、联合国人口基金、联合国难民署、国际移民组织、国际红十字会等14个国际组织实施项目82个，涉及农业发展与粮食安全、减贫、妇幼健康、卫生响应、教育培训、灾后重建、移民和难民保护、促贸援助等领域。
– South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund. By the end of 2019, China had launched 82 projects under the SSCAF framework in cooperation with 14 international organizations, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Food Programme (WFP), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), International Organization for Migration (IOM), and International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). These projects cover agricultural development and food security, poverty reduction, health care for women and children, response to public health emergencies, education and training, post-disaster reconstruction, migrant and refugee protection, and aid for trade.
——派遣援外医疗队。截至2019年底，中国累计向72个国家和地区派遣长期医疗队，共1069批次27484名医疗队员，涵盖内外妇儿、中医、麻醉、护理、病理、检验、公共卫生等医疗医学全领域。目前有近千名医疗队员在非洲、亚洲、大洋洲、美洲、欧洲55个国家的111个医疗点开展对外医疗援助工作。
– Medical teams. By the end of 2019, China had dispatched 27,484 medical workers in 1,069 groups to 72 countries and regions. They worked in all departments of medical and health care, including internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, traditional Chinese medicine, anesthesiology, patient care, pathology, clinical laboratories, and public health. Currently there are nearly 1,000 Chinese medical workers providing assistance at 111 health care facilities in 55 countries across the globe.
——派遣志愿者。2013年至2018年，中国向80多个国家派遣青年志愿者和汉语教师志愿者2万余名。
– Outbound volunteers. From 2013 to 2018, China dispatched more than 20,000 young volunteers and volunteer Chinese-language teachers to work in over 80 countries around the world.
——提供紧急人道主义援助。2013年至2018年，中国向60个国家提供紧急人道主义援助，包括提供紧急人道主义援助物资设备，派遣国际救援队和医疗专家组，抢修受损设施。
– Emergency humanitarian aid. From 2013 to 2018, China extended emergency humanitarian assistance to 60 countries. This included providing supplies and equipment, dispatching international rescue teams and medical expert groups, and repairing damaged facilities.
——减免有关国家债务。2013年至2018年，中国免除最不发达国家、重债穷国、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家共计98笔到期无息贷款债务，累计金额达41.84亿元人民币。
– Debt relief. From 2013 to 2018, China canceled RMB4.18 billion of debts involving 98 mature interest-free loans to least developed countries, heavily indebted poor countries, and landlocked and small island developing countries.
（三）改革管理实现新突破
3. Groundbreaking Progress in Reform and Management
为更好适应新形势发展，中国改革对外援助体制机制，不断提升管理水平，推动新时代国际发展合作工作展现新气象。
To better adapt to the new circumstances, China has reformed its foreign aid systems and mechanisms to improve management and promote international development cooperation in the new era.
——体制改革实现突破。2018年4月，中国成立国家国际发展合作署，作为国务院直属机构，专司国际发展合作事务。这是中国维护世界和平、促进共同发展的重大举措，有利于加强国际发展合作的统筹协调，形成工作合力。国家国际发展合作署的成立是中国对外援助史上的里程碑，标志着中国对外援助事业踏上了新征程。
– Institutional reform. In April 2018, the Chinese government set up the China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA) directly under the State Council. This is a significant move to safeguard world peace and promote common development. It serves to better plan and coordinate efforts on international cooperation and build synergy for development. The establishment of such a specialized agency represents a milestone in China’s foreign aid journey.
——管理能力不断提升。健全援助项目专家论证评审机制，提高项目可行性研究的质量和深度。将项目环境影响、后续运营管理等纳入立项研究范畴，增强立项论证的前瞻性和预见性。构建条块明晰的项目管理规章制度，完善项目实施企业资格认定、政府采购、合同履行等环节，构建以优质优价为核心的招标制度体系。健全项目实施主体诚信评价体系，防范项目廉政风险。优化人道主义紧急援助快速反应机制，增强援助时效性。加强事中监管和事后评估，不断提升援助综合效益。
– Better management. China has improved its evaluation mechanisms for foreign aid projects, so as to raise the quality and depth of feasibility analysis. To make feasibility studies more forward-looking, environmental impact, future management and other long-term factors are taken into consideration.
China has formulated clearly defined project management rules and regulations, improved procedures for governmental procurement, contract performance, and qualification assessment of enterprises bidding for foreign aid projects, and endeavored to establish a tendering system focusing on high quality and competitive pricing. To guard against corruption, China has strengthened the performance appraisal mechanism for entities undertaking projects. China has optimized its rapid response mechanism for emergency humanitarian aid to ensure prompt and effective assistance, and strengthened supervision and evaluation to improve the overall efficiency of its foreign aid.
三、助力共建“一带一路”国际合作
III. Boosting International Cooperation on the Belt and Road
共建“一带一路”倡议提出以来，中国根据有关国家发展需要，积极开展发展合作，在深化政策沟通、加快设施联通、推动贸易畅通、促进资金融通、增进民心相通上发挥作用，为各国发展培育空间、创造机遇，推动高质量共建“一带一路”。
Since the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed, China has carried out development cooperation and contributed to policy, infrastructure, trade, financial and people-to-people connectivity based on the needs of individual countries, creating space and opportunities to promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.
（一）深化政策沟通
1. Enhancing Policy Coordination
政策沟通是共建“一带一路”国家加强政治互信、开展务实合作、深化利益融合的基础。本着求同存异、聚同化异的理念，中国通过举办官员研修、派遣专家顾问等方式，促进与共建国的双向交流和了解，推动共建“一带一路”国家发展同向发力、协同增效。
Policy coordination is the foundation for Belt and Road participants to strengthen political mutual trust, develop pragmatic cooperation and integrate their interests. Based on the principle of seeking and expanding common ground while reserving and resolving differences, China has invited foreign officials to participate in training sessions, and dispatched experts and advisors to participating countries, to promote bilateral communication and understanding and create synergy for common development.
——为共建“一带一路”倡议对接各国发展战略搭建平台。围绕基础设施互联互通合作、国际产能和装备制造标准化、贸易便利化、技术标准化等与共建“一带一路”相关的主题，为相关国家举办4000余期官员研修项目。研修项目为各国政策沟通搭建了交流平台，参训人员就共建“一带一路”倡议更好对接非洲联盟《2063年议程》、《东盟互联互通总体规划2025》、欧盟欧亚互联互通战略等区域发展规划，以及巴基斯坦“新巴基斯坦”、老挝“变陆锁国为陆联国”、菲律宾“大建特建”、哈萨克斯坦“光明之路”、蒙古国“发展之路”等有关国家发展战略开展交流，谋划合作成果，推进共建“一带一路”。
– Building platforms for the Belt and Road Initiative to dovetail with the development strategies of participating countries. China has held over 4,000 training sessions for officials from participating countries on Belt and Road topics such as infrastructure connectivity, industrial capacity, equipment standardization, trade facilitation, and technological standardization. The training programs serve as a communication platform for coordinating policies among countries within the Belt and Road framework. Participants of the programs discussed and planned jointly on ways to link the Belt and Road Initiative with regional and national initiatives, such as Agenda 2063 of the African Union, the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025, EU’s Europe-Asia connectivity strategy, Pakistan’s vision of a new Pakistan, Laos’ initiative to transform from a land-locked country to a land-linked country, the Philippines’ massive infrastructure projects under its Build, Build, Build program, Kazakhstan’s Bright Road initiative, and Mongolia’s Development Road program.
——为区域经贸融合发展创造机遇。派遣专家顾问赴相关国家开展技术咨询服务，通过深化对共建国国情和政策法律制度的了解，提出切实可行的发展方案，为开展有效合作奠定基础。中国－白俄罗斯工业园是中国在海外开发的经贸合作区，被誉为“丝绸之路经济带上的明珠”。中国为白俄罗斯实施工业园政策保障技术援助项目，同白俄罗斯分享中国开发区发展模式和经验，并组织白俄罗斯人员赴天津经济技术开发区、苏州工业园进行考察。在实地考察和深入交流的基础上，两国专家共同制定了中白工业园运营管理机制及招商引资、产业发展等政策，为推进工业园长远发展夯实了政策基础。
– Creating opportunities for regional economic and trade integration. China has sent experts and advisors abroad to offer technical consulting services, and propose feasible plans for development based on an in-depth understanding of the national conditions, policies and laws of each partner country, laying the groundwork for effective cooperation. The China-Belarus Great Stone Industrial Park, an overseas economic and trade cooperation zone, has been hailed as “a pearl on the Silk Road Economic Belt”. China implemented technical support programs for the industrial park, shared its experience in managing development zones, and invited experts from Belarus to visit the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area and the Suzhou Industrial Park. Through field trips and in-depth communication, the experts of the two countries jointly formulated policies on the management, operation, investment promotion, and industrial development for the park, laying solid foundations for its long-term development.
（二）加快设施联通
2. Strengthening Infrastructure Connectivity
互联互通是共建“一带一路”的关键。中国积极支持共建“一带一路”国家公路、铁路、港口、桥梁、通信管网等骨干通道建设，助力打造“六廊六路多国多港”互联互通大格局。
Infrastructure connectivity is key to Belt and Road cooperation. China provides full support to participating countries in building trunk lines including highways, railways, ports, bridges and telecommunications cable networks, in order to build a connectivity framework consisting of six corridors, six routes, and multiple countries and ports.
——支持打通六廊六路建设。支持共建“一带一路”国家基础设施互联互通项目建设，让古老丝绸之路焕发新生机。配合中巴经济走廊建设，在巴基斯坦先后实施了白沙瓦－卡拉奇高速公路、喀喇昆仑公路等相关路段改扩建等项目，促进了中巴陆路贸易繁荣。为推进中国－中南半岛、孟中印缅经济走廊建设，在孟加拉国、缅甸、老挝、柬埔寨援建道路、桥梁、隧道等基础设施项目，促进了东南亚与南亚区域的互联互通和联合发展。在中国－中亚－西亚经济走廊，吉尔吉斯斯坦南北公路相关路段的建设和塔吉克斯坦道路修复项目的实施改善了当地公路交通状况。中欧班列联通欧亚20多个国家100多座城市，疫情期间发挥了重要物流通道作用，为稳定国际产业链供应链作出了突出贡献。
– Connecting the six corridors and six routes. China supports Belt and Road participants in infrastructure connectivity projects to revive the ancient Silk Road. To support the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and promote overland trade between the two countries, China participated in the upgrading and expansion of the Peshawar-Karachi Motorway and the Karakoram Highway. To support the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, China is helping to build infrastructure such as highways, bridges and tunnels in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia, promoting connectivity and integrated development between Southeast Asia and South Asia.
China’s help with the construction of sections of Kyrgyzstan’s North-South highway and Tajikistan’s road renovation project on the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor has improved the local transport conditions. Connecting over 100 cities across more than 20 countries in Europe and Asia, the China Railway Express to Europe has made an outstanding contribution to stabilizing international industrial and supply chains during the Covid-19 pandemic.
——支持21世纪海上丝绸之路物流航道。中国以21世纪海上丝绸之路的重点港口为节点，支持建设通畅、高效的运输大通道。中国支持建设的毛里塔尼亚友谊港扩建项目，显著提高了港口的吞吐能力，缓解了货船积压滞港现象，成为21世纪海上丝绸之路的贸易物流节点。
– Building logistics corridor on the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. China supports the construction of a smooth and efficient transport corridor on the Maritime Silk Road with the key ports as major links. With China’s assistance, the Friendship Port expansion project in Mauritania has significantly improved the handling capacity and alleviated cargo congestion and delays in the port, making it an important trade logistics node along the Maritime Silk Road.
——支持空中枢纽建设。为满足日益增长的航空运输需求，中国帮助巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、马尔代夫、柬埔寨、赞比亚、津巴布韦、多哥等国实施机场升级扩建项目，提高了机场运营能力和安全性，增加了客货运吞吐量，带动了当地旅游业发展，为跨境人员流动和贸易往来带来更多便利，为融入“一带一路”创造了更多机遇。
– Building air transport hubs. To meet the increasing needs of air transport, China has assisted Pakistan, Nepal, Maldives, Cambodia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Togo in upgrading and expanding their airports, thereby improving operational capacity and safety, increasing the passenger and cargo throughput, promoting local tourism, facilitating cross-border passenger and trade flow, and bringing more opportunities for their integration with the Belt and Road Initiative.
（三）推动贸易畅通
3. Promoting Unimpeded Trade
贸易是经济增长的重要引擎。中国通过促贸援助，帮助相关国家改善贸易条件、提升贸易发展能力，为共建“一带一路”国家间实现贸易畅通夯实基础。
Trade is an important engine for economic growth. China has aided countries to improve their trade infrastructure and capacity, laying a solid foundation for Belt and Road participants to achieve unimpeded trade.
——促进贸易便利化。为增强发展中国家在全球供应链布局中的竞争力，积极帮助共建“一带一路”国家改善贸易基础设施，推进贸易流通现代化。向格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、坦桑尼亚、肯尼亚、菲律宾等20多个国家援助了集装箱检查设备，加快货物通关速度和效率，更好地打击走私犯罪。中国支持的孟加拉国油轮和散货船项目，为孟加拉国航运公司建造了3艘油轮和3艘散货船，增强了综合运输能力。
– Facilitating trade. To enhance the competitiveness of developing countries in the global supply chain, China has taken proactive measures to help Belt and Road partners improve their trade infrastructure and modernize their trading systems. To speed up the customs clearance process for goods and combat smuggling, China has donated container inspection equipment to more than 20 countries including Georgia, Armenia, Tanzania, Kenya and the Philippines. China has also assisted Bangladesh’s purchase of shipping vessels, delivering three oil tankers and three bulk carriers to the Bangladesh Shipping Corporation and thus helping to increase its overall transport capacity.
——提升贸易发展能力。支持老挝建立农村电子商务政策、规划和体系，帮助缅甸、柬埔寨等国建设农产品检测、动植物检验检疫和粮食仓储体系，提高出口竞争力。2013年至2018年，为相关国家举办300多期与贸易相关的专题研修项目，包括贸易便利化、国际物流运输与多式联运服务、电子商务、出入境卫生检疫、出入境动植物检验检疫、进出口食品安全等，推动相关国家贸易政策对接协调，畅通自由贸易网络。在世界贸易组织、世界海关组织设立基金，开展贸易能力建设，支持发展中经济体特别是最不发达国家更好地融入多边贸易体制。
– Improving trade capacity. China is helping Laos to build its rural e-commerce policies, plans and systems, and helping Myanmar and Cambodia to build their systems for the inspection of agricultural products, inspection and quarantine of animals and plants, and grain storage, to enhance their export competitiveness.
From 2013 to 2018, to coordinate trade policies of different countries and build a free trade network, China held over 300 trade-related training sessions for participating countries on trade facilitation, international logistics, multimodal transport, e-commerce, border health and quarantine, border inspection and quarantine of animals and plants, and safety of imported and exported food. It has set up funds in the World Trade Organization and the World Customs Organization for building trade capacity and helping developing economies and particularly the least developed countries to integrate into the multilateral trading system.
（四）促进资金融通
4. Deepening Financial Integration
中国积极帮助有关国家完善金融体系、搭建融资合作平台，为资金融通提供保障。
China actively helps participating countries to improve their financial systems and build cooperation platforms for financing, paving the way for financial integration.
——支持完善金融体系。支持共建“一带一路”国家优化金融环境，为参与国际金融体系创造条件。2015年，援建老挝国家银行卡支付系统，为维护老挝金融稳定、促进周边国家资金融通发挥了积极作用。与国际货币基金组织建立联合能力建设中心，为共建“一带一路”国家完善宏观经济金融框架提供智力支持。成立“一带一路”财经发展研究中心，为加强资金融通领域能力建设搭建了重要智库平台。
– Supporting the improvement of financial systems. China assists Belt and Road participants in optimizing their financial environment, a prerequisite for their integration into the international financial system.
In 2015, China helped Laos to build its national bankcard payment system, a constructive step in maintaining the financial stability of Laos and promoting financial connectivity with neighboring countries. The China-IMF Capacity Development Center has provided intellectual support to Belt and Road participants to improve their macro-economic and financial frameworks. China set up the Research Center for Belt and Road Financial and Economic Development, which serves as an important think tank for enhancing capacity building in financial integration.
——搭建多边融资合作平台。同世界银行、亚洲基础设施投资银行、亚洲开发银行、拉美开发银行、欧洲复兴开发银行、欧洲投资银行、美洲开发银行、国际农业发展基金等共同成立多边开发融资合作中心，通过信息分享、支持项目前期准备和能力建设，推动国际金融机构及相关发展伙伴基础设施互联互通，为“一带一路”建设聚集更多资金红利。
– Building multilateral cooperation platforms for financing. The Multilateral Cooperation Center for Development Finance (MCDF) was jointly established by China, the World Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Development Bank of Latin America, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Fund for Agricultural Development. The MCDF aims to promote connectivity among international financial institutions and relevant partners, and attract more investment in the Belt and Road through sharing information, supporting project preparation and building capacity.
（五）增进民心相通
5. Fostering Closer People-to-People Ties
国之交在于民相亲，民相亲在于心相通。中国通过实施民生援助，加大人文交流、文化合作，形成相互欣赏、相互理解、相互尊重的人文格局，筑牢共建“一带一路”的社会基础。
People-to-people friendship is the cornerstone of sound state-to-state relations, and heart-to-heart communication holds the key to deeper friendship. China promotes people-to-people exchanges and cultural cooperation with partner countries through projects designed to improve the lives of local people, thus increasing mutual appreciation, mutual understanding and mutual respect, and reinforcing the social foundation of the Belt and Road Initiative.
——实施民生工程。在共建“一带一路”国家实施一批住房、供水、医疗、教育、乡村道路、弱势群体救助等民生项目，帮助补齐基础设施和基本公共服务短板。帮助科特迪瓦、喀麦隆、埃塞俄比亚、吉布提等国建设供水系统，解决民众饮水难、水质差等问题。为斯里兰卡、塞内加尔、几内亚、尼日尔、莫桑比克、刚果（金）、南苏丹、牙买加、苏里南、多米尼克等国援建的医院，提升当地医疗服务水平，使民众看病更加便捷。帮助白俄罗斯建设社会保障住房，改善弱势群体居住和生活条件。2016年至2019年，帮助斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦等国2000余名白内障患者重见光明。
– Improving people’s lives. China has launched a series of people-oriented projects in Belt and Road countries to address such issues as housing, water supply, health care, education, rural roads, and assistance to vulnerable groups, helping to fill gaps in infrastructure and basic public services. China has assisted Côte d’Ivoire, Cameroon, Ethiopia and Djibouti in building water supply systems to ensure access to safe drinking water. It has aided Sri Lanka, Senegal, Guinea, Niger, Mozambique, South Sudan, Jamaica, Suriname, Dominica and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in building hospitals to improve local medical services and make it easier for local people to access medical treatment. China has helped Belarus build government-subsidized housing to improve the living conditions of the vulnerable. From 2016 to 2019, it provided over 2,000 free cataract surgeries in Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Uzbekistan.
——深化民间交流。邀请斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦、哈萨克斯坦等共建“一带一路”国家的代表来华交流，增进对中国国情和文化的认知和了解。向老挝、文莱等共建“一带一路”国家派出青年志愿者，成为促进民心相通和文化交流互鉴的桥梁。
– Furthering people-to-people exchanges. China has invited representatives from Belt and Road countries such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Kazakhstan to engage in people-to-people exchanges in China, increasing their knowledge and understanding of China’s national conditions and culture. It has also sent youth volunteers to other Belt and Road countries such as Laos and Brunei to foster closer people-to-people ties and facilitate cultural exchanges and mutual learning.
——加强文化合作。与17个共建“一带一路”国家开展33个文物援助项目，包括柬埔寨吴哥窟、缅甸蒲甘地区震后受损佛塔、乌兹别克斯坦花剌子模州希瓦古城等保护修复和哈萨克斯坦伊赛克拉特古城拉哈特遗址、孟加拉国毗河罗普尔遗址联合考古等。在非洲20多个国家实施“万村通”项目，为1万个村庄安装数字电视，为他们打开了解世界的新窗口。为塞舌尔、科摩罗、坦桑尼亚、毛里求斯援助实施广电中心合作项目，提高广播电视传播能力，成为当地文化传播的重要载体。
– Strengthening cultural cooperation. China has participated in 33 projects for the joint preservation of cultural relics with 17 Belt and Road countries. These include the protection and restoration projects for Angkor Wat in Cambodia, Bagan Buddhist pagodas in Myanmar damaged in earthquakes, and the ancient city of Khiva in Uzbekistan, as well as joint archaeological activities at Rakhat Ancient Ruins in Kazakhstan and the Bikrampur ruins in Bangladesh. China has launched a project known as Access to Satellite TV for 10,000 African Villages aimed at providing digital TV connection for rural communities in more than 20 African countries, opening a new window for them to see the world. It has provided assistance to projects for radio and TV centers in Seychelles, the Comoros, Tanzania and Mauritius to improve the transmission capacity of local radio and television networks, making them important vehicles for cultural communication in their respective localities.
四、推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程
IV. Contributing to the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
中国通过支持其他发展中国家减贫事业，提升农业发展水平，促进教育公平，改善基础设施，推进工业化进程等，为推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程积极贡献力量。
As an active contributor to the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, China has been assisting other developing countries to reduce poverty, boost agricultural progress, support equal access to education, improve infrastructure, and speed up industrialization.
（一）助力消除贫困
1. Poverty Reduction
消除贫困，是各国人民的共同愿望、国际社会的共同使命。联合国2030年可持续发展议程的首要目标，就是在全世界消除一切形式的贫困。中国通过援建农村公益设施、分享农业治理经验和开展技术转移等方式，帮助其他发展中国家减少贫困、改善民生。
Eliminating poverty is the common aspiration of all peoples and a shared mission of the international community. The primary goal of the 2030 Agenda is to “end poverty in all its forms everywhere”. China has been helping other developing countries to reduce poverty and improve people’s lives, by providing assistance in the construction of rural public facilities, sharing experience in agricultural governance, and offering technology transfer.
——开展减贫示范。帮助其他发展中国家推进减贫进程，在老挝、缅甸、柬埔寨等国开展减贫示范项目，在村级社区示范“整村推进”等减贫经验，强化村级组织能力建设，支持农民生产协作，帮助当地转变发展观念、创新脱贫思路。通过举办研修项目、与联合国工业发展组织共同举办研讨会等，同发展中国家分享精准减贫的发展理念和实践经验。
– Implementing poverty reduction pilot projects. China has been assisting other developing countries in alleviating poverty. In Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia, China has launched pilot projects to promote its experience in village-by-village poverty reduction, improving local villages’ organizational ability, encouraging farmers to combine their efforts in agricultural activities, and cultivating a new vision for development to shake off poverty. China has organized training programs and co-hosted seminars with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, to share ideas and actions in targeted poverty alleviation with other developing countries.
——带动增收致富。积极帮助有关国家改善农村地区生活环境，满足当地交通和生产生活需求。帮助毛里塔尼亚贫困三角洲建设公路，促进当地农业和畜牧业发展。结合当地实际，通过技能培训等方式传授手工艺技术。在斐济、巴布亚新几内亚、莱索托、卢旺达、中非共和国等国援助的菌草种植示范项目使农户掌握菌草种植技术，带动农户增收致富。在利比里亚、埃塞俄比亚等国分享竹藤编技艺，让农民利用当地竹资源进行家具制作，提高了农村人口手工艺技能和收入。
– Raising rural incomes. China has been assisting some countries in improving their rural living environment and meeting local needs in transport, work and life. For example, it helped Mauritania to build a highway in its Hope Delta to support local agriculture and animal husbandry. China has also provided training in handicrafts based on local conditions. In Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Lesotho, Rwanda and the Central African Republic, China launched pilot projects on Juncao planting techniques, to help rural households to increase their incomes. In Liberia and Ethiopia, China imparted bamboo weaving techniques, encouraging farmers to tap local bamboo resources and start furniture businesses as a new source of income.
——关注特殊群体。特殊群体是消除贫困需要重点关注和帮扶的对象。支持其他发展中国家制定残疾人政策、加强残疾人康复服务，使残疾人共享社会发展成果。为蒙古国、厄瓜多尔、利比亚等国举办特殊群体社会保健政策和康复护理研修，提高了政府在特殊群体扶贫和医疗保健方面的治理能力。援建的萨摩亚残疾人培训中心，可接纳学习和培训的残疾人人数将由原先的150人增加到400余人，为残疾人提供更多基础教育和技能培训机会。
– Protecting special groups. Special groups are the most deserving recipients of poverty alleviation. China has been supporting other developing countries in formulating policies concerning people with disabilities, improving rehabilitation services for them, and enabling them to share the fruits of social development.
In Mongolia, Ecuador and Libya, China organized training programs on health care policies and rehabilitation services for special groups, which improved these countries’ capacity to alleviate poverty and provide better health care services for such groups. In Samoa, China helped set up a training center for people with disabilities, with the number of trainees rising from 150 to over 400, providing them with opportunities for basic education and skills training.
（二）提升粮食安全
2. Food Security
农业是国家经济发展和社会稳定的根本。中国因地制宜帮助其他发展中国家加快农业发展，实现粮食自给、保障粮食安全。
Agriculture is the foundation of economic growth and social stability. China assists other developing countries to leverage their own strengths to accelerate agricultural progress and ensure food self-sufficiency and food security.
——增强农业生产能力。截至2019年底，共向37个亚非国家派遣了81个农业技术专家组、808人次，在非洲国家援建22个农业技术示范中心，为有关国家试验并推广高产新品种，指导农民提高生产能力，增强发展信心。援格鲁吉亚蔬菜大棚种植技术合作专家向农户推广日光温室种植技术，提高了当地农业产量，解决了当地蔬菜难以自给自足的难题。为吉尔吉斯斯坦、乍得等国援助农业灌溉系统改造项目，提供农用机械设备和物资，缓解农业生产物资短缺问题。在老挝、巴基斯坦、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、乌干达等国遭受蝗灾等自然灾害时及时援助，帮助快速恢复农业生产。帮助柬埔寨开展现代农业发展规划，支持柬埔寨芝格楞河水资源发展项目，使灌溉用水保证率达到80%，水稻种植由单季提高到两季。
– Improving agro-productivity. By the end of 2019, China had dispatched 81 agro-technology teams composed of 808 experts to 37 Asian and African countries; China had assisted African countries in setting up 22 agro-technology pilot centers to promote high-yield crop varieties, helping farmers increase productivity and boost their confidence in development. In Georgia, Chinese experts on plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation rolled out solar greenhouse planting techniques among farmers, which increased vegetable yields and ensured self-sufficiency. In Kyrgyzstan and Chad, China launched assistance projects to upgrade their irrigation systems, and offered agricultural machinery and supplies to ease local shortages. In Laos, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda, China provided timely aid during locust plagues to help restore agricultural production. In Cambodia, China offered assistance in modern agricultural planning, and supported the Stung Chikreng water resources development project, ensuring an 80 percent water supply rate for irrigation and replacing single cropping with double cropping in rice production.
——培养农业科研和技术人才。农业产业发展升级需要人才支撑。通过援建柬埔寨桔井农业技术学校、中非联合研究中心等项目，在安提瓜和巴布达、多米尼克、格林纳达等国开展农业技术合作项目，为有关国家培养农业技术力量搭建了平台。派遣专家赴境外为科特迪瓦水稻增产、坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔水产养殖、东帝汶咖啡品种改良加工等提供技术培训，使更多人员掌握了实用适宜技术。开展中非科研机构“10+10”合作，围绕适用非洲大陆的新品种新技术新装备开展联合攻关和研究开发，为非洲农业发展提供科技支撑和服务保障。
Cultivating agricultural research and technical personnel. Agricultural upgrading requires a talent pool. China has helped to build platforms to train rural technical personnel, including an agricultural school in Kratie, Cambodia, a Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre for scientific cooperation in agriculture with African countries, and a number of agro-technical cooperation programs in Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Grenada. China has sent agricultural specialists overseas to offer technical training programs on raising rice yields in Côte d’Ivoire, upgrading aquaculture in Zanzibar, Tanzania, and improving coffee varieties and processing methods in East Timor. To provide technological support and services for agricultural development in Africa, China initiated a “10+10” cooperation mechanism between Chinese and African agricultural research institutes for the joint development of new crop varieties, technologies, and equipment suited to the African continent.
——支持农业产业链发展。中国重视农业生产后环节援助，通过援建古巴猪牛屠宰厂、佛得角农产品初加工中心、赞比亚玉米粉加工厂、东帝汶粮食加工和仓储设施等项目，帮助提升粮食仓储能力，减少粮食产后浪费，提高农产品附加值和农民收入。在汤加、萨摩亚等国推广沼气技术和“猪－沼－菜”循环农业生产技术，以农业技术示范中心为平台向其示范农业生产、储存、加工和销售等全产业链发展，分享农业综合经营经验，支持农业生态循环和可持续生产。积极响应和支持联合国粮农组织等国际组织的倡议和活动，帮助有关国家提高粮食安全保障水平。
– Developing agro-industrial chains. China attaches great importance to offering assistance in post-agricultural production. It helped build a pig and cattle slaughterhouse in Cuba, an agro-product preliminary processing center in Cape Verde, a corn flour production plant in Zambia, and grain processing and storage facilities in East Timor, to improve their capacity to process and store agro-products, reduce post-production waste, and increase the added value of agro-products and farmers’ income. In Tonga and Samoa, China promoted biogas technology and pig-biogas-vegetable circular agro-technology, and used agro-technology pilot centers to demonstrate how to develop a full industrial chain from production, storage, processing to marketing, share comprehensive agro-management experience, and support circular agriculture and sustainable production. In response to initiatives and campaigns by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), China has helped some countries to improve their food security.
（三）推动卫生发展
3. Health Care
中国践行人民至上、生命至上理念，积极支持其他发展中国家公共卫生体系建设，帮助提升医疗卫生服务水平，保障人民生命健康。
China always puts the people first and prioritizes the protection of lives. It has been supporting other developing countries in building their public health systems, improving their medical and health care services, and protecting people’s lives and health.
——助力公共卫生体系建设。为进一步加强非洲地区的公共卫生体系建设，加快推进非洲疾控中心总部建设。中国派出疾控专家，为非洲多次疫情应急指挥、流行病学分析、疾病控制提供了有力支持。在疟疾、血吸虫病等传染性疾病防控方面，实施一系列疾病防控与人群健康改善项目。为坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔血吸虫病防治提供技术援助，帮助设计了防治规范，降低了当地感染血吸虫病的概率；在科摩罗实施的复方青蒿素快速清除疟疾项目，使当地实现疟疾零死亡、疟疾发病人数下降98%。
– Building public health systems. To help Africa improve its public health system and build the headquarters of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), China dispatched health experts to support its emergency command, epidemiological analysis, and disease control during a number of epidemics.
In tackling infectious diseases such as malaria and schistosomiasis, China assisted Africa in carrying out a raft of disease control and health improvement programs. In Zanzibar, Tanzania, China provided technical assistance in schistosomiasis control and helped design prevention and treatment protocols, which lowered the local infection rate. In the Comoros, China assisted its malaria elimination program with an Artemisinin-based combination therapy, which ensured zero deaths and reduced the morbidity rate by 98 percent.
——提升医疗卫生基础能力。在刚果（布）、卢旺达、津巴布韦、柬埔寨、吉尔吉斯斯坦等国建设50余个医疗卫生基础设施项目，为保障民众健康、培养医学人才发挥了积极作用。向有关国家提供医用设备器械、药品及医用耗材，缓解了医疗资源紧缺状况。通过医疗机构对口合作，帮助20多个国家建立专业科室能力。帮助特立尼达和多巴哥组建显微神经外科和内镜神经外科、驻多米尼克医疗队开创微创手术先例，为当地带去了先进理念，填补了加勒比地区多项医疗技术空白。
– Improving basic medical service capacity. In the Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan, China provided aid to more than 50 medical infrastructure projects, playing an important role in protecting public health and training medical professionals. China offered medicines, equipment and consumables to other countries to ease their shortages of medical supplies. China launched paired cooperation with medical institutions in over 20 countries, helping them to set up specialized hospital departments or improve the performance of existing departments. China assisted Trinidad and Tobago in establishing its own microneurosurgery and endoscopic neurosurgery departments. The Chinese medical team in Dominica introduced minimally invasive surgery to the country. Through such efforts, China has brought advanced treatment concepts and filled many medical technology gaps in the Caribbean region.
——增强医疗卫生服务力量。2015年至2019年，中国共派出202批次3588名援外医疗队员，累计诊治1100万名患者，并对当地医务人员带教培训，开展巡回义诊、药械捐赠等，1500多人获得有关国家颁发的总统勋章等荣誉，1名医务工作者为援外医疗工作献出了宝贵生命。中国还组派短期医疗专家组开展专科行动，在博茨瓦纳、厄立特里亚、摩洛哥、加纳、巴哈马、马尔代夫、安提瓜和巴布达等25个国家开展了42次白内障手术“光明行”活动，实施9752例手术；在加纳、坦桑尼亚等国实施了170台“爱心行”心脏病手术。
– Strengthening human resources for medical services. From 2015 to 2019, China dispatched 3,588 medical workers overseas in 202 groups, who provided treatment to 11 million patients, organized professional training for local medical staff, offered free mobile clinic services, and donated medicines and equipment; more than 1,500 of these Chinese medical workers were awarded presidential medals or other honors by the recipient countries, while one of them died on duty. China has also sent short-term medical specialist teams overseas for particular diseases. In 25 countries, including Botswana, Eritrea, Morocco, Ghana, the Bahamas, Maldives, and Antigua and Barbuda, China launched 42 sight recovery activities under the Brightness Action program, providing 9,752 cataract surgeries. In Ghana and Tanzania, China carried out 170 heart surgeries under the Heart to Heart program.
（四）保障优质教育
4. Quality Education
教育是发展之本。中国通过援建学校、培养师资力量、扩大奖学金规模等方式，提升其他发展中国家的教育发展水平，让民众享有更优质、更公平的教育机会。
Education is the foundation of development. China has been assisting other developing countries in providing fairer access to better education, by opening schools, training teachers, and increasing scholarships.
——支持基础教育。“有学上、上好学”是发展中国家青少年的普遍诉求，也是提升人口素质、促进国家发展的重要途径。中国在尼泊尔、亚美尼亚、莫桑比克、纳米比亚、秘鲁、乌拉圭等国修建了一批中小学校，并提供计算机、实验室设备、文体用品等教学物资，改善发展中国家的基础教学环境。向南苏丹提供教育技术援助，为南苏丹小学量身打造英语、数学、科学三科教材，编印130万册教材，15万名师生受益。为北马其顿27所学校提供的远程教育设备，提升了当地特别是山区、农村的教育水平，促进了教育资源均衡发展。
– Supporting basic education. Access to good education is the common aspiration of all children and teens in developing countries. It is also an important means to improve population quality and advance national development. In Nepal, Armenia, Mozambique, Namibia, Peru and Uruguay, China assisted in the construction of a number of primary and secondary schools, and offered computers, lab equipment, stationery and sporting goods to improve their basic education conditions.
In South Sudan, China provided technical assistance in education, including compiling customized primary school textbooks on mathematics, English and science, and printing 1.3 million copies of them for 150,000 teachers and students. In North Macedonia, China provided distance education equipment to 27 schools, helping improve local education, particularly in mountainous and rural areas, and promote balanced distribution of education resources.
——发展高等教育。中国积极帮助有关国家改善高等教育设施、培育高素质人才，援建了瓦努阿图南太平洋大学埃马路斯分校、马拉维科技大学、阿富汗喀布尔大学中文系教学楼、坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆大学图书馆、马里巴马科大学卡巴拉教学区等项目。在肯尼亚肯雅塔农业科技大学中援建的中非联合研究中心，开设生物多样性保护与利用、资源遥感等专业，帮助提升相应领域的科技水平。继续提供在职学历学位教育，2013年以来，共资助4300余名发展中国家人员来华攻读硕士博士学位，并通过开展中非高校间“20+20”合作计划、设立“原子能奖学金”项目等加强科研合作和师生互访，联合培养高水平人才。
– Developing higher education. China has been assisting other countries in improving higher education facilities and training high-caliber talent. China assisted construction projects such as the Emalus Campus of the University of the South Pacific in Vanuatu, the Malawi University of Science and Technology, the teaching building of the Chinese Department at Kabul University in Afghanistan, the library at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, and the Kabala Campus of the University of Bamako in Mali. At Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology in Kenya, China helped establish the Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, offering courses on the protection and utilization of biodiversity and remote sensing of natural resources to improve local technology levels. China has provided part-time degree and non-degree programs for foreign trainees. Since 2013, the Chinese government has sponsored more than 4,300 people from other developing countries to obtain master’s and doctoral degrees in China. To strengthen research cooperation and academic exchanges with partner countries to jointly train high-caliber personnel, China has launched the “20+20” Plan for higher education cooperation with Africa, and established the Atomic Energy Scholarship of China.
——推动职业教育。职业教育能够将发展中国家人口资源转化为人口红利，是促进就业的重要途径。中国为老挝、柬埔寨、尼泊尔、缅甸、巴基斯坦、阿富汗、卢旺达、乌干达、马拉维、埃及、苏丹、利比里亚、赤道几内亚、瓦努阿图等国援建了职业技术学校或职业培训中心，为阿塞拜疆、埃塞俄比亚、马达加斯加等国提供职业技术教育物资，帮助改善职业教育质量。援苏丹恩图曼职业培训中心成为苏丹全国职业教育师资培养基地。在吉布提、埃及等国设立“鲁班工坊”，由中国职业教育学校对口建设，为当地青年提供实用技术培训。援布基纳法索职业培训中心技术援助激活了当地职业教育市场。
– Promoting vocational education. Vocational education is an important means for developing countries to generate demographic dividends and increase employment. In Laos, Cambodia, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Rwanda, Uganda, Malawi, Egypt, Sudan, Liberia, Equatorial Guinea and Vanuatu, China helped set up technical schools and vocational training centers. In Azerbaijan, Ethiopia and Madagascar, China provided material support for improving their vocational and technical education. The Omdurman Friendship Center for Vocational Training, supported by China, has become Sudan’s national vocational training base for teachers. In Djibouti and Egypt, China has established Lu Ban workshops to provide practical technical training to local youth through paired cooperation with Chinese vocational schools. China’s technical assistance to the vocational training center in Burkina Faso has helped boost the local vocational education market.
（五）促进性别平等
5. Gender Equality
妇女是推动社会发展和进步的重要力量。中国积极帮助发展中国家发展妇女事业，为妇女成长创造机会，支持和帮助妇女享有出彩的人生。
Women are an important driving force for social progress. China has assisted other developing countries in promoting women’s development, creating more opportunities for women to succeed in life.
——加强妇女权益保障。落实习近平主席在联合国成立70周年系列峰会上提出的为发展中国家实施100个“妇幼健康工程”，这些工程陆续在柬埔寨、塞拉利昂、马拉维、佛得角等国落地，有效保障了当地妇女基本医疗卫生服务。在津巴布韦开展妇女宫颈疾病防治项目，捐赠了一批用于宫颈疾病早诊早治的器械、药品，并派专家帮助当地医务人员提高专业技能。通过组织妇幼健康、孕产妇保健等主题研修项目，提高有关国家产科、新生儿科等科室水平，惠及当地妇女。
– Safeguarding women’s rights and interests. China has begun to implement the 100 maternal and child health care projects in developing countries, initiated by President Xi Jinping at the summits celebrating the UN’s 70th anniversary in 2015. Some of these projects are already in place in Cambodia, Sierra Leone, Malawi and Cape Verde, effectively ensuring basic health care services for local women. In Zimbabwe, China launched a program for the prevention and treatment of cervical diseases, donated medicines and equipment for early diagnosis and treatment, and dispatched specialists to improve the expertise of local medical staff. China provided training programs to some countries on maternal and child health care, to help improve their clinical services in obstetrics and neonatology.
——支持妇女能力建设。加大对发展中国家妇女培训力度，在当地培训女性职业技术人员，增强妇女参与政治经济活动能力和就业能力。2013年以来，为发展中国家实施了60余个妇女能力建设研修、技术培训项目，设置女性领导力与社会发展在职学历学位项目，帮助发展中国家提升女性官员参与国家和政治经济活动能力。
– Empowering women. China has reinforced its efforts to assist training for women in other developing countries, promoting vocational and technical training to increase women’s employment and their participation in political and economic activities.
Since 2013, China has offered over 60 capacity development and technical training programs for women in developing countries, and provided part-time degree and non-degrees programs on women’s leadership and social development, aiming to expand female officials’ capacity to participate in political and economic activities.
（六）改善基础设施
6. Infrastructure
中国在其他发展中国家实施了一批公益设施、能源等基础设施项目，让当地民众拥有更多获得感、幸福感。
China has assisted other developing countries in building public facilities and energy infrastructure, enabling their people to enjoy a better life.
——支持公益设施建设。援助阿尔及利亚歌剧院、塞内加尔竞技摔跤场和黑人文明博物馆、科特迪瓦文化宫、贝宁会议大厦等公共设施项目维修和升级改造，为非盟和有关国家援建国际会议中心及附属设施，为格林纳达、几内亚比绍、突尼斯等国建设、维修和升级改造体育运动场馆，改善文化活动条件，进一步丰富民众文化体育生活。援蒙古国残疾儿童发展中心是蒙古国最大、功能最齐全的残疾儿童疗养中心，被蒙古国社会各界誉为“幸福工程”。
– Supporting the construction of public facilities. China aided the maintenance and renovation of public facilities such as the Algiers Opera House in Algeria, the National Wrestling Arena and the Museum of Black Civilizations in Senegal, the Culture Palace of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire, and the Cotonou Convention Center in Benin. It provided assistance to some countries and the African Union in building conference centers and support facilities. It assisted Grenada, Guinea-Bissau and Tunisia in building, repairing and upgrading sports venues. All these projects aim to increase cultural and sporting activities in these countries and regions and enrich local cultural life. The Development Center for Children with Disabilities in Mongolia, constructed with China’s assistance, is the largest multi-functional rehabilitation center of its kind in the country, and is renowned as “a happiness project”.
——改善城市人居环境。帮助塞拉利昂、布隆迪、斐济、巴布亚新几内亚、尼泊尔、菲律宾、密克罗尼西亚联邦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、塞尔维亚等国实施了城区主干道建设、拥堵路段改造等市政项目，提升了城市路网通行能力。援马尔代夫友谊大桥连接了相邻岛屿，改变了以往只有摆渡船交通往来的历史，为大马累环礁的经济发展打通了交通大动脉。援叙利亚100辆公交车项目增加了城市交通运输能力，为民众出行提供便利，支持了城市重建进程。援圣多美和普林西比道路整修和社区排水、斯里兰卡库鲁内格勒市供水和污水处理等项目解决了城市低洼地区积水内涝、雨污分流问题，减少了城市污染，改善了居民生活品质。
– Improving urban living environment. InSierra Leone, Burundi, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Nepal, the Philippines, the Federated States of Micronesia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Serbia, China helped build urban arterial roads and upgrade congested sections to ease traffic flow. The China-Maldives Friendship Bridge, built with China’s assistance to connect three adjacent islands, has become an artery of traffic in the Male Atoll, providing an alternative to the ferry as the only means of local transport. In Syria, China provided 100 buses to expand urban transport capacity, which has facilitated travel and reconstruction in the recipient cities. China-aided projects on road repair and residential drainage in Sao Tome and Principe and those on water supply and sewage treatment in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka, have addressed urban waterlogging and separated sewage from rainwater, thereby reducing pollution and improving local life quality.
——提高能源可及性。根据有关国家能源资源禀赋，积极发展水电、太阳能、风电、核电、地热等电力产业，并支持建设输变电和配电网等项目。援古巴太阳能电站项目总装机规模为9兆瓦，每年向电网输送1285万千瓦时清洁能源电力，有效填补了当地电力缺口。中国支持的吉尔吉斯斯坦南部电网改造项目、塔吉克斯坦直属中央区500千伏输变电项目、老挝塔棉至拉骚230千伏输变电线路、赞比亚卡里巴北－凯富埃西输变电等项目实现了有关国家内部电网连接，对于促进能源独立和工业化发展发挥了重要作用。
– Expanding energy access. Depending on resource availability, China has assisted other countries in developing hydro, solar, wind, nuclear and geothermal power, and helped them to build power transmission, transformation and distribution networks. In Cuba, China assisted the construction of a solar power station with an installed capacity of 9 MW and an annual power output of 12.85 million kWh, which filled a sizable gap in the local power supply. China aided Kyrgyzstan in rebuilding its power grid in the south, aided Tajikistan in a 500 kV power transmission and transformation project in the Districts of Republican Subordination, aided Laos in building a 230 kV power transmission line between Thavieng and Laksao, and aided Zambia in building a power transmission line between Kariba North and Kafue West. These projects have improved power grid connectivity in these countries, and played an important role in boosting their energy independence and industrialization.
（七）推进可持续创新经济增长
7. Sustainable and Innovation-Driven Economic Growth
中国支持其他发展中国家工业化进程，增加资源附加值，促进生产性就业，并帮助释放数字经济新红利，增强经济创新性和包容性。
China has supported other developing countries in advancing industrialization, increasing the added value of their resources, boosting industrial employment, releasing the potential of the digital economy, and improving economic creativity and inclusiveness.
——推进工业化进程。工业化是一个国家实现经济独立的必由之路，也是创造就业、消除贫困的重要途径。中国支持其他发展中国家发挥优势产能潜力、构筑更加现代化的产业体系，提升资源附加值，加快工业化进程。援孟加拉国沙迦拉化肥厂自2015年投产已生产尿素化肥超过110万吨，累计节省4亿多美元外汇。古巴果蔬加工厂、塔吉克斯坦硫酸厂等项目建成投产后，提高了工业生产效率，直接拉动了当地收入和税收。项目坚持本土化经营，增加了就业岗位的同时，提高了当地人员劳动技能。
– Advancing Industrialization. Industrialization is a prerequisite for economic independence and an important means of creating employment and ending poverty. China has been supporting other developing countries in tapping their potential for competitive industrial capacity, modernizing their industrial systems, and increasing the added value of their resources, to accelerate the process of industrialization. In Bangladesh, China assisted the construction of the Shahjalal Fertilizer Factory. Since it was put into operation in 2015, the factory has achieved a total output of 1.1 million tons and saved over US$400 million in foreign exchange. The China-aided fruit and vegetable processing plant in Cuba and the sulfuric acid plant in Tajikistan have raised local production efficiency and boosted local income and taxation revenues. Prioritizing localization, these programs have increased employment and improved labor skills for local people.
——推动数字经济发展。中国支持建设了37个电信传输网、政务信息网络等电信基础设施项目，帮助有关国家发展信息通讯产业，为推动缩小数字鸿沟作出积极贡献。肯尼亚国家光纤骨干网项目推动了肯尼亚信息通讯产业的跨越式发展，在大幅提高网络速度的同时，降低通讯成本，促成了电子商务的兴起。老挝警察指挥中心及政府热线、巴布亚新几内亚集成政务信息系统等项目，优化了相关国家政府行政效率和信息化管理。孟加拉国政府基础网络三期项目，打通当地行政区域的政府骨干网络的回路，将高速网络延伸至64个市、488个县、2600多个乡，覆盖62%的地域和人口。
– Promoting the digital economy. China has assisted other countries in implementing 37 telecommunications infrastructure projects covering telecommunications networks and government information networks, to help them develop information and communications industries and narrow digital gaps. Kenya’s national fiber optic cable network, built with China’s assistance, has greatly increased transmission speed, reduced communication costs, and boosted e-commerce, marking a great leap in the development of Kenya’s information and communications industries. China assisted the construction of the police command center and government hotline in Laos, and the integrated government information system in Papua New Guinea, helping the two countries to raise their administrative efficiency and increase the application of IT in governance. China assisted the third-phase project of Bangladesh’s e-government network, extending high-speed information and communications connectivity to 64 districts, 488 sub-districts, and 2,600 unions to cover 62 percent of its territory and population.
（八）支持生态环保
8. Eco-environmental Protection
中国秉持人与自然和谐共生的生态文明理念，积极为其他发展中国家实施新能源、环境保护和应对气候变化项目，分享绿色发展经验，履行相关国际公约，开展野生动物保护、防治荒漠化等方面国际合作，共同建设美丽地球。
Upholding the vision of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, China has proactively assisted other developing countries in promoting new energy, protecting the environment, and addressing climate change. China has shared its experience in green development, fulfilled its commitments under international conventions, and expanded international cooperation on wildlife protection and desertification control, to join other countries in preserving our beautiful planet.
——发展清洁能源。加大对可再生能源项目的支持，帮助有关发展中国家建设了一批清洁能源项目。在加蓬等国开展的清洁能源示范项目，帮助其增加电力供应的同时，减少对环境的不利影响。中国支持的肯尼亚加里萨光伏发电站年均发电量超过7600万千瓦时，每年帮助减少6.4万吨二氧化碳排放。援斐济小水电站为当地提供清洁、稳定、价格低廉的能源，每年为斐济节省约600万元人民币的柴油进口，助力斐济实现“2025年前可再生能源占比90%”的目标。
– Developing clean energy. China has increased its support for renewable energy projects and assisted other developing countries in implementing clean energy programs. In Gabon, China launched a clean energy pilot project to increase power supply while minimizing environmental impacts. In Kenya, China assisted the construction of the Garissa solar photovoltaic power plant, providing an average annual generation capacity of 76 GWh and an annual reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 64,000 tons. In Fiji, China supported the construction of a number of small hydropower plants, to provide clean, stable and low-cost energy and replace annual diesel imports worth RMB6 million, helping the country to work towards the goal of making renewable energy 90 percent of its total energy consumption by 2025.
——促进生物多样性保护。生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的重要基础。中国高度重视生物多样性保护，认真履行野生动物保护国际义务，积极参与野生动物保护国际合作。向津巴布韦、肯尼亚、赞比亚等国提供野生动物保护物资，提高打击盗猎和非法野生动物制品交易的装备水平，加强野生动物保护能力建设。为蒙古国实施戈壁熊栖息地管理技术援助项目，帮助改善戈壁熊栖息地环境质量、提供保护区专用设备，使蒙古国“国熊”摆脱濒临灭绝危机。
– Protecting biodiversity. Biodiversity is the foundation of human survival and development. China attaches great importance to biodiversity conservation, fulfilling its international obligations, and promoting international cooperation on wildlife protection. China provided Zimbabwe, Kenya and Zambia with wildlife protection supplies, upgrading their equipment for combatting poaching and illegal wildlife trade and improving their wildlife protection capacity. China provided Mongolia with technical assistance for the management of Gobi bear habitats, by helping improve environmental quality and offering specialist equipment, to protect its “national treasure” from imminent extinction.
——支持应对气候变化。积极开展气候变化南南合作，帮助发展中国家特别是小岛屿国家、非洲国家和最不发达国家提升应对气候变化能力，减少气候变化带来的不利影响。2015年宣布设立气候变化南南合作基金，在发展中国家开展10个低碳示范区、100个减缓和适应气候变化项目及1000个应对气候变化培训名额的“十百千”项目，截至目前已与34个国家开展了合作项目。帮助老挝、埃塞俄比亚等国编制环境保护、清洁能源等领域发展规划，加快绿色低碳转型进程。向缅甸等国赠送太阳能户用发电系统和清洁炉灶，既降低碳排放又有效保护了森林资源。赠埃塞俄比亚微小卫星成功发射，帮助其提升气候灾害预警监测和应对气候变化能力。2013年至2018年，举办200余期气候变化和生态环保主题研修项目，并在学历学位项目中设置了环境管理与可持续发展等专业，为有关国家培训5000余名人员。
– Addressing climate change. China has promoted South-South cooperation on the response to climate change, helping other developing countries – particularly small island countries, African countries and least developed countries – to mitigate the impacts of climate change. In 2015, China announced the establishment of a South-South Climate Cooperation Fund, and the plan to set up 10 pilot low-carbon industrial parks, start 100 climate mitigation and adaptation programs and provide climate change response training programs for 1,000 people in other developing countries, which have to date involved cooperation with 34 countries. China assisted Laos and Ethiopia in formulating plans on environmental protection and clean energy development to accelerate their green and low-carbon transformation. China provided Myanmar with home solar power systems and clean cooking stoves, which reduced carbon emissions and protected forest resources. Ethiopia’s microsatellite, donated by China, was launched into space, helping the country improve its capacity for disaster monitoring and alerting, and for climate change response. From 2013 to 2018, China organized over 200 training programs on climate change response and environmental protection, set up targeted degree and non-degree programs on environmental management and sustainable development, and trained some 5,000 people from other countries.
——开展沙漠化防治合作。积极同其他国家分享自身有效的治沙技术和经验，围绕沙漠治理技术、水土流失综合治理等专题，组织实施了多期研修项目。在甘肃打造国际荒漠化和土地沙化防治技术援助交流平台，先后举办了36期“中国沙漠治理技术和荒漠化防治国际培训班”。2006年首次在宁夏举办“阿拉伯国家防沙治沙技术培训班”，迄今已举办12期。中国还传播竹子、菌草种植与加工技术，在促进有关国家发展经济的同时，有效控制了水土流失和土地退化，为保护生态环境发挥了积极作用。
– Curbing desertification. China is happy to share with other countries its desertification control technology and experience, and has organized a number of training programs on curbing desertification and soil erosion.
China launched an international platform for technical assistance and exchange on desertification control in its Gansu Province, organizing 36 international training sessions on this topic. In 2006, China held the first training session on desertification control technology for Arab states, and up to now has organized 12 such sessions. China has also imparted bamboo and Juncao planting and processing techniques in other countries, which have effectively contained soil erosion and land degradation and protected the eco-environment.
——保护海洋和森林资源。海洋、森林资源是珍贵的地球资源。中国为牙买加等国实施水文气象观测技术项目，帮助乌兹别克斯坦建设自动气象站示范站，支持海洋防灾减灾领域研究。帮助佛得角编制海洋经济特区规划，为佛得角圣文森特岛海洋资源开发和保护绘制蓝图。与非洲国家开展了植树造林、林业科研等方面的合作，向坦桑尼亚、科摩罗等国提供森林消防运输车、巡逻车等物资，提升森林资源管理能力。
– Conserving marine and forest resources. Oceans and forests are valuable natural resources. China helped countries like Jamaica with programs for hydrological and meteorological observation, assisted Uzbekistan in establishing pilot automatic weather stations, and supported research on marine disaster preparedness and mitigation. China assisted Cape Verde in developing its plan for a maritime special economic zone and designing a blueprint for the exploitation and conservation of marine resources on Sao Vicente Island. China has launched cooperation with African countries on afforestation and forestry research, and provided Tanzania and the Comoros with fire engines and patrol vehicles to improve their forest resource management capacity.
五、携手应对全球人道主义挑战
V. Responding to Global Humanitarian Challenges Together
当前，公共卫生、自然灾害、移民和难民问题等全球人道主义挑战日益严峻。中国坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，向其他国家提供力所能及的支持，为应对重大挑战和完善全球治理体系贡献中国力量。
Public health risks, natural disasters, migrant and refugee crises, and many other humanitarian issues represent an ever greater threat to the whole world today. Pursuing common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, China always renders assistance to the best of its ability to countries in need, and contributes its strength to tackling major global challenges and improving the global governance system.
（一）开展自然灾害应急救援
1. Providing Emergency Disaster Relief
中国积极响应国际社会呼吁，通过提供救灾物资、派出国际救援队、提供现汇援助等方式，向印度尼西亚、墨西哥、智利、所罗门群岛、巴哈马、萨尔瓦多等遭遇地震、飓风等严重自然灾害的国家提供紧急人道主义救援。2015年尼泊尔发生8.1级地震，中国紧急驰援，先后提供3批援助物资，派出救援力量1000余人。中国派出的国际救援队是第一支抵达尼泊尔的重型国际救援队，为协助尼泊尔开展搜救工作发挥了积极作用。2016年厄瓜多尔发生7.8级地震，中国第一时间向厄瓜多尔提供紧急人道主义援助，援助物资由5架包机不远万里运往基多。2019年，“伊代”飓风席卷东南部非洲，中国向津巴布韦、莫桑比克、马拉维紧急提供人道主义物资援助，并向莫桑比克派出国际救援队。
Actively responding to the calls of the international community, China provided emergency humanitarian aid, including relief materials, rescue teams, and funds, to Indonesia, Mexico, Chile, the Solomon Islands, the Bahamas, El Salvador and other countries that had been struck by earthquakes, hurricanes or other devastating natural disasters. In 2015 when Nepal was hit by an 8.1-magnitude earthquake, China rushed three batches of materials and more than 1,000 people to Nepal’s aid. The China International Search and Rescue Team was the first foreign heavy search and rescue team to arrive in Nepal to help with the relief work. In 2016, after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake jolted Ecuador, China promptly delivered emergency humanitarian aid to the country, with five chartered flights loaded with relief materials to Quito, capital of Ecuador. When Cyclone Idai caused catastrophic damage to Southeast Africa in 2019, China also provided immediate emergency humanitarian aid in the form of goods to Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi, and sent a rescue team to Mozambique.
（二）响应公共卫生突发事件
2. Responding to Public Health Emergencies
在埃博拉、黄热病、寨卡病毒、鼠疫等疫情暴发后，中国向有关国家提供紧急援助，帮助抗击疫情。西非埃博拉疫情暴发后，中国第一时间向13个非洲国家提供了5轮、累计1.2亿美元的紧急人道主义物资援助，向几内亚等疫区国家派出近1200名医护人员和公共卫生专家，累计留观诊疗相关病例900多例，检测样本近9000份，培训医护人员1.3万人次。在最危难的时刻，中国医护人员和专家同非洲人民患难与共，谱写了中非患难与共的感人篇章。中国还为埃博拉疫区援建了实验室、治疗中心等10余个项目，利比里亚治疗中心从开工到竣工仅用了20余天，中国－塞拉利昂实验室被塞拉利昂卫生部指定为“病毒性出血热国家参比实验室”以及“国家生物安全培训基地”。2020年，新冠肺炎疫情在全球多点暴发并迅速扩散蔓延。面对突如其来的疫情，中国在做好自身抗疫工作、保障国内抗疫需要的前提下，根据疫情严重程度、医疗卫生条件、疫情国具体援助需求和自身能力等因素，向150多个国家和国际组织提供力所能及的援助和支持，开展了新中国成立以来援助时间最集中、涉及范围最广的一次紧急人道主义行动。
China provided emergency aid to the countries struck by Ebola, yellow fever, Zika, plague and other epidemics. It sent five rounds of emergency humanitarian aid worth US$120 million to 13 African countries immediately after Ebola broke out in West Africa, and dispatched nearly 1,200 medical workers and public health experts to Guinea and other affected countries. Standing together with African people through these tribulations, the medical teams quarantined and treated more than 900 cases, conducted tests on nearly 9,000 samples, and trained 13,000 local health workers. China built more than 10 laboratories and treatment centers in Ebola-hit countries. The Ebola treatment center in Liberia was finished in around 20 days, and the Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory was designated as a national reference lab for viral hemorrhagic fever and a national biosafety training center.
In 2020, Covid-19 broke out in many places around the world and spread quickly. China not only ensured its own effective response and sufficient supplies, but also did all it could to aid and assist more than 150 countries and international organizations based on the severity of the outbreaks, their medical and supply capabilities, and their actual needs. This was China’s most intensive and largest-scale emergency humanitarian assistance mission since 1949.
（三）提供粮食援助应对饥荒
3. Providing Food Aid to Cope with Famine
受极端天气和战乱等因素影响，全球粮食安全问题日趋突出，强厄尔尼诺现象使全球不少地方面临严重饥荒。为帮助受灾国解决吃饭问题，自2016年起，中国连续向亚非拉50余国提供紧急粮食援助，惠及上千万受灾群众。截至2019年底，中国还使用南南合作援助基金，与世界粮食计划署合作向亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区24个国家提供粮食援助，保障当地最脆弱群体的粮食安全。
Extreme weather and military conflicts are threatening global food security. Strong El Niño events have caused famines in many places around the world. To help feed countries with poor crop yields, China has provided emergency food aid to over 50 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America since 2016, which has benefited over 10 million people. In cooperation with the World Food Programme, by the end of 2019 China had provided food aid to 24 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean through the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, to protect the most vulnerable populations from food shortage.
（四）参与灾后恢复与重建
4. Assisting Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
中国积极开展自然灾害应急救援，紧急救援阶段结束后继续向受灾国提供援助，帮助开展灾后恢复重建。2013年菲律宾台风“海燕”救灾行动后，在重灾区塔克洛班市20所受灾较为严重的学校援建了166套临时校舍。2017年多米尼克“玛丽亚”飓风过后，启动西部公路、中多友好医院受损屋顶修复项目，并为多米尼克重建6所中小学校。同联合国开发计划署实施巴基斯坦联邦部落地区和俾路支省恢复项目，惠及近万个家庭、近2万名学生。中国还注重为受灾国提供综合性方案，为受灾国整体重建提供系统支持。2015年，为尼泊尔提供震后重建一揽子中长期援助，覆盖基础设施抢修、民生恢复、文物古迹修复、灾害防治能力建设等领域。
China plays an active role in international emergency response to natural disasters, and continues to offer its assistance in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction after the emergency rescue phase. Following its relief operations in the Philippines responding to Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, China helped build 166 temporary buildings for 20 severely-stricken schools in the devastated city of Tacloban. It assisted Dominica in a rehabilitation project for the West Coast Road and a roof restoration project for the Dominica-China Friendship Hospital, and rebuilt six local schools after the passing of Hurricane Maria in 2017. China also cooperated with the UNDP in the Recovery Project in Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Balochistan of Pakistan, which benefited almost 10,000 families and 20,000 school children. China emphasizes the importance of comprehensive recovery schemes for disaster-affected countries, providing systematic reconstruction support. In 2015, it developed a package of medium- and long-term aid plans for Nepal’s post-quake rehabilitation, covering infrastructure repair, support for people’s daily needs, cultural relics restoration, disaster preparation and response capacity, and other fields.
（五）提高防灾减灾能力
5. Improving Disaster Preparation and Mitigation
中国通过援建灾害管理设施、提供防灾救灾储备物资、支持社区防灾备灾项目、开展能力培训、制定政策规划等方式，帮助相关国家克服资金和技术瓶颈，加强灾害风险治理能力。同22个国家和国际组织建立了“一带一路”地震减灾合作机制，并实施援建尼泊尔、老挝、肯尼亚地震监测台网和中国－东盟地震海啸监测预警系统等项目，提升相关国家灾害监测预警能力。与联合国开发计划署合作，将无人机技术用于马尔代夫监测海平面上升和洪水等状况，更好开展灾害预防及应对。同英国和联合国开发计划署联合实施了亚洲社区综合减灾合作项目，支持提高尼泊尔、孟加拉国社区综合减灾水平。
China has assisted many countries to overcome obstacles in funding and technology to help them improve their disaster response capacity. China’s support takes the form of building disaster management facilities, providing materials for their disaster relief reserves, supporting local communities in disaster preparation projects, offering response capacity training, and devising policies and plans for coping with disasters.
To strengthen the capacity for disaster monitoring and alerting, China established the Working Mechanism for the Belt and Road Earthquake Risk Reduction Cooperation together with 22 countries and international organizations, helped to build earthquake monitoring stations and networks in Nepal, Laos and Kenya, and established the China-ASEAN Earthquake and Tsunami Monitoring and Early-Warning System. In cooperation with the UNDP, China helped Maldives to use drones to monitor rising sea levels and floods to enable better disaster preparation and response in the country. Working with the United Kingdom and UNDP, China implemented the Community Based Disaster Management in Asia Programme, to reinforce the comprehensive disaster mitigation capability of Nepal and Bangladesh.
（六）参与缓解移民和难民危机
6. Easing Migrant and Refugee Crises
中国始终密切关注和无私帮助仍然生活在战火、动荡、饥饿、贫困中的国家和人民。同联合国难民署、联合国儿童基金会、世界卫生组织、国际移民组织和红十字国际委员会等机构合作，向叙利亚等国难民和流离失所者提供粮食、生活物资、发电设备、临时住所等紧急人道主义援助物资，帮助难民来源国和接收国应对危机。向联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处提供抗疫物资援助，帮助难民抗击疫情。中国还支持有关国家经济社会重建，通过促进经济社会发展解决移民和难民深层次矛盾。为流落在伊拉克的巴勒斯坦难民修缮活动中心，改善难民社区生活环境；援安哥拉北隆达省的两所难民学校正式启用，支持当地难民学生取得受教育机会。
China always pays close attention to countries and peoples affected by wars, turmoil, hunger, or poverty, and renders selfless assistance to them. In cooperation with the UNHCR, UNICEF, WHO, International Organization for Migration, International Committee of the Red Cross, and other organizations, it has provided emergency humanitarian relief materials such as food, daily necessities, power generators and temporary housing to refugees from Syria and other countries and displaced people in many places, in order to help countries concerned to overcome their difficulties. China also donated anti-epidemic supplies to assist refugees through the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.
China supports the efforts of countries affected by migrant and refugee crises to restore their economic and social order and to address deep-rooted causes of the crises through development. It has funded the rehabilitation of an activity center for Palestinian refugees in Iraq to improve their living environment, and opened two schools in Lunda Norte Province of Angola to give refugee children access to education there.
六、支持发展中国家增强自主发展能力
VI. Supporting the Endogenous Growth of Developing Countries
中国秉承授人以渔的理念，继续加大技术和人力资源开发合作等方面援助力度，不断丰富援助内容、创新援助方式，为发展中国家能力建设贡献中国经验和中国方案，帮助提升治理能力、规划水平和行业发展能力，为发展中国家的发展事业培养治理人才和技术力量。
Guided by the conviction that “it is more helpful to teach people how to fish than to just give them fish”, China aims to help developing countries to enhance their capacity for independent development. It has increased targeted assistance for this purpose through human resources development and technical cooperation, in new forms and with new measures, to share its experience and approach with other developing countries, help them improve their capacity for governance, planning, and economic development, and train technical professionals and capable personnel in governance.
（一）提高治理能力
1. Improving Governance
中国帮助其他发展中国家制定规划，分享治理经验，并通过双多边合作机制开展能力建设。
China has helped other developing countries increase their governance capacity by assisting with their national planning, sharing its governance experience with them, and implementing capacity building projects through bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms.
——实施规划援助。中国积极帮助其他发展中国家科学谋划发展蓝图，共派出39名高级规划咨询专家，帮助相关国家制定经济发展、基础设施、电力等领域发展规划和政策法规，增强规划和统筹发展能力。帮助格林纳达制定国家发展战略规划，2017年交付格林纳达。向埃塞俄比亚和柬埔寨派遣海关、税务和农业领域高级专家顾问，为其贸易投资便利化提供智力支持。与古巴共同开展工业中长期发展规划建议联合编制，提出了机械工业、冶金与回收、化工等领域发展思路和路径。帮助柬埔寨制定国家路网规划和现代农业发展规划，助其改善综合交通运输体系、提升农业生产力。为老挝编制国土资源规划和环境保护规划。为孟加拉国等国编制河流、防洪综合规划，为其水利资源发展探索方向。
– Assistance in planning. China has assisted other developing countries to draw up sound blueprints for growth, dispatching 39 senior planning consultants to a number of countries to help formulate plans, policies, and regulations regarding the economy, infrastructure, and the power sector. It helped Grenada to draw up a national development plan and submitted the draft in 2017. It dispatched a team of senior experts in customs, taxation and agriculture to Ethiopia and Cambodia to provide intellectual support for trade and investment facilitation. China worked jointly with Cuba to compile a medium- to long-term development plan which outlined the vision and development path for Cuba’s machinery, metallurgy, chemical and recycling industries. It helped Cambodia to improve its transport system and agricultural productivity by formulating plans for a national road network and modern agriculture. It also helped Laos with its land resources and environmental protection planning, and assisted Bangladesh and other countries with plans for river management and flood control to develop their water resources.
——分享治理经验。通过举办系列研修研讨和学历学位项目，积极分享法治政府建设、政府“放管服”改革、产业创新升级、数字经济等国家治理的实践和经验，帮助提高其他发展中国家公共部门官员政策制定能力。同时，加强双边人力资源开发合作机制建设，与卢旺达、吉尔吉斯斯坦、萨尔瓦多、巴布亚新几内亚、特立尼达和多巴哥等31国签署了人力资源开发合作谅解备忘录，根据不同国家的实际需求，有针对性地提供能力建设支持。
– Sharing experience of governance. Through seminars and academic programs, China has shared its experience in strengthening law-based governance, its reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services, and its experience with industrial innovation and upgrading and the digital economy, to help officials in the public sector in other developing countries increase their policy-making capacity. It has also strengthened the mechanisms for bilateral human resources development and cooperation, signing memorandums on this issue with 31 countries, including Rwanda, Kyrgyzstan, El Salvador, Papua New Guinea, and Trinidad and Tobago, to provide targeted support in these countries based on their needs.
——开展多边能力建设。中国积极同国际机构合作，支持其他发展中国家能力建设。同联合国设立统计能力开发信托基金，为59个发展中国家的近900名政府统计人员提供培训。中国还与非洲开发银行、西非开发银行、美洲开发银行、美洲国家组织等设立能力建设基金、奖学金，通过联合研究报告、国际研讨会等方式，支持有关国家能力建设。使用南南合作援助基金同国际民航组织合作，为105个发展中国家的近600名中高级民航管理人员提供培训。与国际原子能机构合作，为70余个发展中国家培训和平利用核能与核技术领域从业人员2000余名。
– Building skills under multilateral frameworks. China has been actively cooperating with international organizations to build skills in other developing countries. Through the Trust Fund Project on Statistical Capacity Building launched together with the UN, China has provided training for some 900 government statisticians from 59 developing countries. It has also built skills in some countries in the form of joint studies and international seminars through funds and scholarships set up with the African Development Bank, West African Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and the Organization of American States. In cooperation with the International Civil Aviation Organization, China has trained some 600 senior civil aviation managers from 105 developing countries through the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund. Working with the International Atomic Energy Agency, it has trained more than 2,000 people from over 70 developing countries to engage in the peaceful use of nuclear energy and nuclear technology.
（二）推动技术进步
2. Promoting Technological Progress
科学技术是第一生产力。中国加强技术转移转化，帮助发展中国家提升科技创新能力和产业职业技能。
Science and technology are the primary productive forces. China has strengthened technology transfer and application to help other developing countries improve their capacity for technological innovation and their workers’ industrial and vocational skills.
——共享科技成果。中国积极向其他发展中国家分享在科技领域取得的成果，开展以航天及卫星应用、3D打印技术、计量技术、海洋生物技术等为主题的培训项目。实施千余项政府间科技交流项目，通过国际杰出青年计划，邀请埃及、巴基斯坦、缅甸、印度等国755名青年科学家来华开展科研工作，培训来自100多个发展中国家和地区的学员7700余人。在联合国粮农组织－中国南南合作计划下向刚果（金）、利比里亚等国转让450多项实用技术，对约300种适宜作物、蔬菜等品种进行试验，3万多名农民受益。
– Sharing technological achievements. China has shared its achievements in science and technology with other developing countries, and opened training programs on space and satellite applications, 3D printing technology, metering technology, and marine biotechnology. It has run more than 1,000 intergovernmental technical exchanges programs. Through a program for international outstanding young scientists, 755 scientists from Egypt, Pakistan, Myanmar and India came to work in China on various research projects, and more than 7,700 people from over 100 developing countries and regions were trained in China. Under the FAO-China South-South Cooperation Programme, China has transferred more than 450 applicable technologies to Liberia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and conducted experiments on some 300 strains of crops and vegetables, benefitting more than 30,000 farmers.
——推动技术转移。技术的关键在于掌握、利用。为使技术能够真正落地、产生实效，中国面向东盟、南亚、阿拉伯国家建立跨国技术转移中心，通过技术对接、示范培训等，推动先进适用技术转移转化。与埃塞俄比亚、印度尼西亚、塔吉克斯坦、蒙古国、塞尔维亚等国建立了联合实验室或研究中心，包括生物高分子应用研究、小水电技术联合研究等，加快中国成熟适用技术在其他国家的本土化应用。
– Promoting technology transfer. Technology is for people to use. To make technology useful, China has founded transnational technology transfer centers targeted at ASEAN, South Asian and Arab countries to introduce advanced and applicable technologies through technical dovetailing, demonstration and training programs. It has set up joint laboratories and research centers with Ethiopia, Indonesia, Tajikistan, Mongolia and Serbia, to localize applicable and mature technologies from China, such as biopolymer application and small hydropower stations.
——提升职业技能。为保障发展中国家可持续发展的人才支撑，组织开展农林牧渔、加工制造、建筑、科教文卫、手工技艺等领域培训，为其他发展中国家培养更多具有一技之长的技术人才。2019年5月，举办以“技能合作、共同发展”为主题的“一带一路”国际技能大赛，为有关发展中国家技能水平交流、促进就业创业搭建了有效平台。通过开展技术合作和培训，支持摩洛哥、埃塞俄比亚等国开展地球化学填图等工作，为有关国家矿业发展培养了一批人才。
– Improving vocational skills. To ensure other developing countries have a qualified workforce with more technical personnel supporting sustainable growth, China has organized training in a wide range of fields, including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, processing and manufacturing, construction, science, education, culture, health, and arts and handicrafts. The Belt and Road International Skills Competition, held in May 2019 to promote skills cooperation for common development, provided a sound platform for developing countries to demonstrate their workers’ skills and boost employment and entrepreneurship. Through technical cooperation and training, China has supported Morocco and Ethiopia in geochemical mapping, and trained skilled workers for their mining industry.
——提高文体水平。在乌拉圭、萨摩亚、缅甸、柬埔寨等国开展体育技术合作，派遣乒乓球、羽毛球等项目的优秀中国教练对当地运动员和教练员进行专业理论、实践指导，强化体育竞技水平。2019年，在第16届太平洋运动会上，参训的汤加运动员获得9枚金牌、5枚银牌、14枚铜牌的佳绩，巴布亚新几内亚乒乓球队获得2枚银牌的历史最佳成绩。为缅甸第27届东南亚运动会、赞比亚独立50周年庆典团体操、刚果（布）第11届非洲运动会开闭幕式团体操演出等大型文体活动提供技术培训，协助组织开闭幕式。
– Increasing sports competitiveness. China has sent experienced table tennis and badminton coaches to Uruguay, Samoa, Myanmar and Cambodia, to help train their athletes and coaches in theory and in the field. At the 16th Pacific Games in 2019, Tongan athletes trained by Chinese coaches won 9 gold, 5 silver, and 14 bronze medals, and the Papua New Guinea table tennis team won 2 silvers, the team’s best ever performance. China has offered assistance for developing countries organizing large cultural and sports events, such as technical training for the mass performance and assistance with the opening and closing ceremonies at the 27th Southeast Asian Games in Myanmar, the 50th anniversary of Zambia’s independence celebrations, and the 11th African Games in the Republic of the Congo.
七、加强国际交流与三方合作
VII. Strengthening International Exchanges and Tripartite Cooperation
全球发展伙伴关系是联合国2030年可持续发展议程的重要内容。中国是全球发展伙伴关系的积极倡导者与践行者，积极与有关国际机构和双边援助方开展对话和交流，以开放务实的态度探讨并开展三方合作，为国际发展合作注入新动力。
The global development partnership is an important part of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China is an active advocate and practitioner of this partnership. We have held dialogues and exchanges with international institutions and bilateral donors to explore and conduct tripartite cooperation with an open and pragmatic attitude, thus injecting new impetus into international cooperation.
（一）开展国际交流和三方合作的总体立场
1. China’s Position on Exchanges and Tripartite Cooperation
中国对开展国际发展领域交流和三方合作持开放态度，将继续坚持发展中国家定位，积极与有关各方探讨开展三方合作，丰富国际发展合作的方式和途径，提升国际发展合作的水平和能力。
China is open to exchanges and tripartite cooperation in the field of international development, and will, as a developing country, seek such cooperation with various parties to extend international development cooperation and enhance its capacity in this field.
——推动建立更加平等均衡的全球发展伙伴关系。中国秉持“共同但有区别的责任”原则，坚持南北合作的主渠道地位，南南合作作为国际发展合作的有益补充。发达国家应及时、足额履行官方发展援助承诺，进一步加大对发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家、小岛屿发展中国家援助力度，支持发展中国家探索符合自身国情的发展道路。发展中国家之间应深入推进南南合作，努力实现联合自强。以联合国为核心的有关国际组织应充分发挥自身优势，加强信息共享和同各方的协调，积极通过多边渠道推动国际发展合作。鼓励私营部门、民间团体、慈善组织等发挥更大作用。
– Working for a more equitable and balanced global development partnership. China upholds the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” and regards North-South cooperation as the main channel for international development cooperation and South-South cooperation as its complement. We urge developed countries to honor their official development assistance commitments on time and in full, provide more assistance to developing countries, especially the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing countries, and help them to explore development paths in line with their national conditions. We encourage developing countries to expand South-South cooperation and strive to achieve unity and self-reliance. We believe international organizations with the UN at the core should make full use of their strengths, extend information sharing and coordination with all parties, and actively promote international development cooperation through multilateral channels. We encourage the private sector, NGOs and social groups, and charitable organizations to play a greater role.
——稳步推进国际发展领域三方合作。中国在发展过程中积累了大量经验，发达国家及国际组织在资金、技术等方面有较强优势。中国愿同其他各方探讨优势互补、实现协同效应的具体合作路径，使受援国最大限度受益。三方合作涉及面广，协调任务重，同时各国开展国际发展合作的模式和做法有所不同，需各方本着循序渐进的原则稳步推进。开展三方合作时，应充分尊重各方的政策、理念和模式，本着相互尊重、相互借鉴、博采众长的精神，增进理解互信，为开展三方合作奠定良好基础。中方愿积极学习借鉴国际成功经验和有效实践。
– Steadily advancing tripartite cooperation in international development.China has accumulated a lot of experience in the process of its own development, while developed countries and international organizations have an edge in capital and technology. China is ready to explore cooperation approaches with other parties that will complement the strengths of each and achieve greater synergy, so as to bring maximum benefits to recipient countries. All parties should advance tripartite cooperation in steps, as it covers a wide range of areas and involves hard work, and countries differ in their models of and approaches to cooperation. In tripartite cooperation, we should fully respect the policies, ideas and models of all parties, uphold the principle of mutual respect and mutual learning, enhance mutual understanding and trust, and lay a good foundation for trilateral cooperation. China is ready to draw on successful international experience and effective practices.
——充分尊重受援国在三方合作中的主导权。开展三方合作归根结底是使受援国受益，必须坚持充分尊重受援国主权和主导权，坚持奉行“受援国提出、受援国同意、受援国主导”原则，以受援国欢迎不欢迎、同意不同意、满意不满意作为衡量标准。合作应重点支持满足受援国人道、民生、就业需求，增强受援国自主发展和造血能力。
– Fully respecting the controlling voice of recipient countries in tripartite cooperation. In the final analysis, the goal of tripartite cooperation is to benefit the recipient countries. It is thus necessary to fully respect their sovereignty and controlling voice based on the principle that projects should be proposed, agreed and led by the recipient countries. The criteria are whether the recipient countries welcome, approve of, and are satisfied with the cooperation programs. Cooperation should focus on meeting the humanitarian and employment needs of the recipient countries and improving local people’s lives, and enhancing their capacity in independent and sustainable development.
（二）深化对话交流与务实合作
2. Advancing Dialogue, Exchanges and Pragmatic Cooperation
本着开放包容原则，中国深化与其他国家和组织的沟通交流，开展务实合作和三方合作。
Based on the principle of openness and inclusiveness, China has advanced communication and exchanges with countries and organizations and carried out pragmatic and tripartite cooperation.
——深化对话磋商。积极参加联合国第二届南南合作大会、第五届国际三方合作大会等国际会议及活动。2019年参加欧洲发展日活动，与各方就加强国际发展合作、帮助发展中国家实现包容性增长进行交流；同联合国发展系统驻华机构共同举办研讨会，就南南合作与可持续发展交换意见、凝聚共识。推动世界银行治理结构改革，提升发展中国家在世界银行的发言权和代表性。加强与双边援助方的交流，同日本、瑞士、英国、法国、挪威、新西兰、欧盟等十多个国家及区域组织开展交流互访，加深了解、互学互鉴、增进互信、探讨合作。2019年，同日本、欧盟举行了国际发展合作司局级政策磋商。
– Holding in-depth dialogue and discussions. China has actively participated in international conferences and activities such as the Second High-Level UN Conference on South-South Cooperation and the Fifth International Meeting on Triangular Cooperation. In 2019, China participated in the European Development Days, communicating with all parties on strengthening international development cooperation and on helping developing countries achieve inclusive growth. China co-hosted seminars with the UN development system in China to exchange views and build consensus on South-South cooperation and sustainable development. China has actively advanced reform of the World Bank’s governance structure to increase the representation and voice of developing countries. To expand understanding, mutual learning, mutual trust and cooperation, we have strengthened exchanges with bilateral donors and conducted exchanges and visits with more than 10 countries and regional organizations, including Japan, Switzerland, the UK, France, Norway, New Zealand, and the European Union. In 2019, China held bureau-level policy consultations with Japan and the EU on international development cooperation.
——与国际组织开展务实合作。2016年以来，中国在南南合作援助基金项下与联合国开发计划署、世界粮食计划署、联合国难民署、联合国儿童基金会、世界卫生组织、国际红十字会等十多个国际组织和国际非政府组织开展合作，发挥其专业能力和渠道优势，在亚洲、非洲、美洲等地区近50个国家实施粮食援助、灾后重建、难民救助、妇幼卫生等领域的发展合作项目，约2000多万发展中国家民众受益。同联合国儿童基金会合作，向索马里严重急性营养不良的妇女和儿童提供援助，惠及约25万名妇女儿童。与联合国开发计划署开展联合案例研究，在联合国总部共同发布援几内亚比绍农业技术合作项目和援莫桑比克农业技术示范中心项目研究报告，介绍中国农业援助的成效与经验，进一步提升中国援助的透明度。设立中国－联合国教科文组织信托基金，10余个非洲国家1万多名教师受益。
– Carrying out pragmatic cooperation with international organizations. Since 2016, China has cooperated through the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund with more than 10 international organizations and NGOs such as the UNDP, WFP, UNHCR, UNICEF, WHO, and ICRC. Through these organizations and leveraging their expertise and channels, China has helped implement development cooperation programs in the fields of food assistance, post-disaster reconstruction, refugee relief, and health for women and children in nearly 50 countries in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and some other regions, benefiting more than 20 million people in developing countries. For example, China worked with UNICEF in providing assistance to about 250,000 Somali women and children with severe acute malnutrition. We worked with the UNDP on case studies and jointly published research reports at the UN headquarters, presenting China’s effective agricultural aid and experience through an agro-technical cooperation program in Guinea-Bissau and an agro-technical pilot center in Mozambique, making our aid process more transparent. The UNESCO-China Funds-in-Trust Project was launched, which has benefited over 10,000 teachers from more than 10 African countries.
——实施三方合作项目。与瑞士、葡萄牙、英国、美国、澳大利亚、新西兰、盖茨基金会等官方和非官方援助方开展三方合作，围绕农业、卫生等民生领域实施符合当地需求的合作项目。与葡萄牙在东帝汶举办中葡东三方合作海产养殖技术培训。与美国对非洲国家卫生官员开展联合培训，并携手支持非洲国家抗击埃博拉疫情。与英国在乌干达、马拉维分别实施木薯和罗非鱼产业链合作试点项目。与澳大利亚在巴布亚新几内亚合作开展的疟疾防控项目，帮助巴布亚新几内亚新建立起省级疟疾实验室网络，强化了常规疟疾诊断和监测能力。
– Carrying out tripartite cooperation programs. China has carried out cooperation programs with official and unofficial donors such as Switzerland, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to meet local needs in agriculture, health and other areas.
For example, China cooperated with Portugal to organize training courses in East Timor on mariculture technology. We worked with the US to train health officials for African countries and to support these countries in fighting the Ebola virus. We cooperated with the UK in implementing pilot projects – a cassava industrial chain in Uganda and a tilapia industrial chain in Malawi. In cooperation with Australia, we carried out a malaria prevention and control program in Papua New Guinea and helped the country to found a network of provincial-level malaria laboratories, thus enhancing its capabilities in routine malaria diagnosis and monitoring.
——加大捐资力度。增加向世界银行国际开发协会、亚洲发展基金、全球环境基金等捐资额度，支持发展中国家特别是最不发达国家减贫和可持续发展。截至2018年底，向非洲开发银行集团捐资9.39亿美元、8亿人民币，向美洲开发银行集团捐资3.56亿美元、0.59亿人民币，向加勒比开发银行捐资0.49亿美元、0.41亿人民币，支持非洲、拉美和加勒比地区减贫、粮食安全、贸易、医疗、灾害管理、教育和环保等领域的发展。捐资8000万美元设立中国－联合国粮农组织南南合作信托基金，在近30个国家实施农业合作项目，超过100万农民从中受益。为亚洲基础设施投资银行、新开发银行项目准备基金分别提供5000万美元、400万美元资金，支持成员国做好项目前期设计。
– Increasing donations. China has increased its donations to the World Bank’s International Development Association, Asian Development Fund, Global Environment Facility and other international organizations to support poverty reduction and sustainable development in developing countries, especially the least developed countries. By the end of 2018, China had donated US$939 million and RMB800 million to the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group, US$356 million and RMB59 million to the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Group, and US$49 million and RMB41 million to the Caribbean Development Bank to support Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean in many areas including poverty reduction, food security, trade, medical care, disaster management, education, and environmental protection. China donated US$80 million to establish a FAO-China South-South Cooperation Trust Fund, which has supported agricultural cooperation projects in some 30 countries, benefiting more than one million local farmers. China also provided US$50 million and US$4 million respectively to the project preparation funds of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank, to support member countries in their pre-project design.
——促进联合融资。与世界银行、亚洲开发银行等双多边金融机构加强交流合作，共同为有关国家提供资金支持。在世界银行设立“中国－世界银行伙伴关系基金”，在亚洲开发银行设立“中国减贫与区域合作基金”，出资20亿美元与非洲开发银行设立“非洲共同增长基金”，出资20亿美元与美洲开发银行设立“中国对拉美和加勒比地区联合融资基金”。截至2018年末，上述联合融资机制已投资约30亿美元，项目数量近200个，涉及供水卫生、交通运输、农业发展、青年就业等领域。
– Promoting co-financing. China has strengthened exchanges and cooperation with the World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other multilateral and bilateral financial institutions to provide financial support to some countries. We established the China-World Bank Group Partnership Facility with the World Bank, and set up the People’s Republic of China Poverty Reduction and Regional Cooperation Fund in the ADB. We invested US$2 billion to establish the Africa Growing Together Fund with the AfDB and the same amount to establish the China Co-Financing Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean with the IDB. By the end of 2018, these co-financing mechanisms had invested about US$3 billion in nearly 200 projects covering water supply and sanitation, transport, agriculture, youth employment and other areas.
八、中国国际发展合作展望
VIII. Future Prospects for China’s International Development Cooperation
新冠肺炎疫情给世界各国人民的生命安全和健康福祉造成巨大威胁，给全球公共卫生安全带来重大挑战，落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程任重道远。展望未来，中国将继续以人类命运共同体理念为指引，以正确义利观为价值导向，在力所能及的范围内积极开展国际发展合作，为全球发展注入中国力量。
The Covid-19 pandemic poses a huge threat to the lives, safety, health, and wellbeing of people throughout the world, creating significant challenges for global public health security. Implementing the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development remains a long and uphill journey. In the future, China will continue to uphold the vision of a global community of shared future, and follow the principle of pursuing the greater good and shared interests. It will do everything within its means to promote cooperation and inject Chinese strength into global development.
（一）助力构建人类卫生健康共同体
1. Contributing to a Global Community of Health for All
中国将根据有关国家的实际需求，继续本着量力而行、尽力而为的原则，支持发展中国家抗疫斗争，为全球公共卫生事业贡献力量。
We will continue to support developing countries in their fight against the pandemic according to their actual needs and to the best of our abilities, thus making our contribution to safeguarding global health.
——继续为广大发展中国家抗疫提供力所能及的支持。为各方提供医疗物资援助，开展医疗技术合作，派遣医疗专家组。在两年内提供20亿美元国际援助，支持受疫情影响的国家特别是发展中国家抗疫斗争以及经济社会恢复发展。继续毫无保留地同世界卫生组织和国际社会加强信息共享和经验交流，开展检测方法、临床救治、疫苗药物研发国际合作，尽快全面遏制新冠肺炎疫情在全球蔓延态势，维护全球公共卫生安全。
– Doing all we can to support developing countries in the fight against Covid-19. China will continue to offer medical supplies to all parties concerned, engage in cooperation on medical technologies, and dispatch medical expert teams. We will give US$2 billion of international aid over two years to countries hard hit by Covid-19, especially developing countries, in supporting their fight against the virus and their efforts to resume economic and social development. China will continue to share without reserve information and experiences with the WHO and the international community, and engage in international cooperation on the research and development of testing methods, clinical treatments, drugs and vaccines to stem the global spread of the virus as soon as possible and safeguard global public health.
——继续帮助广大发展中国家完善公共卫生体系建设。新冠肺炎疫情暴露出各国在公共卫生体系建设中还存在不足和短板，各国应团结合作，共同加强公共卫生体系建设。中国将同世界卫生组织合作，并通过建立30个中非对口医院合作机制、加快建设非洲疾控中心总部等举措，帮助广大发展中国家特别是非洲国家筑牢公共卫生防线，提高突发公共卫生事件应急响应速度和疾病防控能力。
– Helping developing countries to improve their public health systems. Since Covid-19 appeared, deficiencies and weak links have been exposed in the public health systems of many countries. We should jointly strengthen public health systems through solidarity and cooperation. China will work with the WHO to help developing countries, especially African countries, fortify their public health defenses and improve the speed of their response and their capacity for disease control, through establishing a cooperation mechanism for Chinese hospitals to pair up with 30 African hospitals and accelerating construction on the Africa CDC headquarters.
——继续支持世界卫生组织等机构发挥重要作用。世界卫生组织为领导和推进国际抗疫合作作出重大贡献，支持世界卫生组织就是支持国际抗疫合作，支持挽救生命。中国将继续支持世界卫生组织的工作，并呼吁国际社会加大对世界卫生组织的政治支持和资金投入，调动全球资源，打赢疫情阻击战。继续支持二十国集团、亚太经合组织、金砖国家、上海合作组织等多边机制加强协调沟通，开展联防联控国际合作。
– Supporting the WHO and other international organizations in playing key roles. The WHO has made a significant contribution to the fight against the pandemic by leading and encouraging global cooperation. To support the WHO is to support global cooperation in the fight against the pandemic and support the effort to save lives. China will continue to support the WHO in playing its role, and call on the international community to give it more political and financial support, so that it can mobilize the necessary resources worldwide to defeat this virus. We will continue to support multilateral organizations, including the G20, APEC, BRICS, and SCO in increasing exchanges and coordination and in carrying out international cooperation on joint prevention and control.
（二）推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程
2. Promoting Implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda
中国将坚持以人为本，聚焦民生，与发展中国家携手应对全球性挑战。
China will persevere with a people-centered approach, focus on improving living standards, and join forces with other developing countries in responding to global challenges.
——落实承诺举措，履行国际义务。认真落实习近平主席在“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛、联合国成立70周年系列峰会、2018年中非合作论坛北京峰会、第73届世界卫生大会和联合国成立75周年系列高级别活动等重大国际场合宣布的合作举措，根据国家综合国力和应承担的国际责任，稳步加大对其他发展中国家特别是最不发达国家援助力度，助力各国减少贫困、改善民生。
– Fulfilling commitments and international obligations. We will earnestly implement the cooperation initiatives announced by President Xi Jinping at major international events including the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the summits commemorating the UN’s 70th anniversary, the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, the 73rd World Health Assembly, and the high-level meetings marking the UN’s 75th anniversary. In keeping with its comprehensive national strength and due international responsibilities, China will steadily increase assistance to other developing countries, especially the least developed countries, helping them to reduce poverty and improve people’s lives.
——坚持协调推进，促进共同发展。疫情冲击下，共建“一带一路”继续展现出强大活力，为共建国家携手合作带来了信心，更提供了现实选择。中国将继续把助力共建“一带一路”和推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程紧密结合，加强国际宏观经济政策协调，对接发展中国家关切，支持更多复工复产务实项目，维护全球产业链供应链稳定畅通。
– Upholding coordination and promoting common development. In the face of the impact of Covid-19, the Belt and Road Initiative has continued to show great vitality, giving confidence to participating countries and providing a realistic choice. China will work to integrate its responsibilities in building the Belt and Road and in implementing the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, strengthen coordination of international macroeconomic policies to respond to the concerns of developing countries, support more pragmatic approaches to the resumption of work, and safeguard the stable and smooth operation of international industrial and supply chains.
——改善民生优先，实现幸福共享。中国将以消除贫困、改善民生为出发点和落脚点，在发展中国家特别是最不发达国家实施更多民生项目，保障粮食安全，保障人民基本生活，防止发生世界经济次生灾害。特别是为青年创造更多就业，支持保护妇女儿童，保障老年人、残疾人等弱势群体利益，提供更多惠民举措，造福更多人民，切实增强民众的获得感和幸福感。
– Improving lives and sharing happiness. China will take eliminating poverty and improving people’s lives as its ultimate objective, and implement more projects for improving living standards in developing countries, especially the least developed countries, to ensure food security and guarantee basic needs, and prevent secondary disasters in the world economy. Special attention will be given to creating more jobs for young people, safeguarding the interests of vulnerable groups including women, children, the elderly and people with disabilities, and launching more initiatives to benefit the wider public so that they can have a stronger sense of fulfillment and happiness.
——推进南南合作，彰显大国担当。中国将继续毫无保留地分享治理经验和适宜技术，增加全球公共产品供给，引导更多资源用于发展中国家经济社会可持续发展，支持广大发展中国家破除发展瓶颈。加大对共建“一带一路”国家、最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家、小岛屿发展中国家和重债穷国的支持力度，支持补强全球治理体系中的南方短板，带动更多发展中国家融入国际分工合作体系。
– Promoting South-South cooperation and acting as a major and responsible country. China will continue to share without reserve its governance experience and all appropriate technology. We will increase the supply of global public goods, channel more resources to developing countries to support their sustainable economic and social development, and do more to help them remove development blockages. China will increase assistance to participating countries of the Belt and Road Initiative, the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, small island developing countries and heavily indebted poor countries, help reinforce the South which is a weak link in the global governance system, and push for the integration of more developing countries into international division of labor and cooperation.
——加强团结协作，应对全球挑战。中国坚定支持多边主义，积极参与国际发展领域双多边对话与合作，推动优化和完善国际发展合作领域全球治理，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系。加大对国际组织的资金支持，积极支持国际组织发挥作用，共同应对公共卫生危机、粮食安全、经济衰退等全球性挑战。加强与其他国家和国际组织的沟通协调，在充分尊重受援国主权和意愿的基础上，与有关国家和国际地区组织探讨并稳步开展三方合作，推动国际发展合作创新发展。
– Strengthening solidarity to meet global challenges. China firmly supports multilateralism, and takes an active part in bilateral and multilateral dialogue and cooperation on international development. We work to improve global governance in international development cooperation, and safeguard the international system with the UN at its core. We will give more financial support to international organizations, helping them work together to meet global challenges including public health crises, food security threats, and economic recession. We will enhance communication and coordination with other countries and international organizations, discuss and advance tripartite cooperation with countries and international and regional organizations on the basis of fully respecting the sovereignty and will of recipient countries, and seek to break new ground in international development cooperation.
（三）提升国际发展合作能力和水平
3. Improving the Capacity for Cooperation
中国将加强科学管理，提高政策制定和管理水平，推动国际发展合作高质量开展。
China will optimize management, improve its policy-making and management skills, and strive to enhance the quality of international development cooperation.
——加强规划设计，完善制度建设。充分考虑其他发展中国家优先发展领域和需要，结合共建“一带一路”和联合国2030年可持续发展议程，制定对外援助中长期规划，并根据需要制定区域、国别和专项规划。继续推进相关法律法规和制度建设，为国际发展合作提供法制保障。进一步发挥对外援助部际协调机制作用，加强横向协作和纵向联动，统筹各部门、地方政府和社会组织力量，集成优势资源，凝聚合力，提升效率。
– Reinforcingplanning and strengthening the institutional framework. We will devise medium- and long-term foreign aid plans and targeted plans for different regions, countries and projects as needed, while taking full account of other developing countries’ development priorities and needs, and the goals of the Belt and Road Initiative and the UN 2030 Agenda. China will continue to improve relevant laws, regulations and institutions, providing a legal guarantee for international development cooperation. The inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for foreign aid will play a more active role, and we will forge synergy at all levels, coordinate efforts by central departments, local governments and social organizations, pool premium resources, and enhance cohesion and efficiency.
——优化项目管理，创新援助方式。继续加强援助项目全流程管理，提升援助综合效益。进一步加强援助项目立项可行性研究，做好对项目环境影响、后续运营管理等方面的论证，提升立项科学化水平，完善项目储备。稳步推进“受援方自建”合作模式，带动当地就业，提升受援国自主发展能力。进一步做好人力资源开发合作，分享发展经验，传播适用技术，为其他发展中国家经济社会可持续发展提供智力支持。进一步推进南南合作援助基金创新发展，丰富合作伙伴和合作方式，构建国际发展伙伴关系。
– Improving project management and exploring new approaches to aid. We will strengthen the whole process of managing aid projects and increase their overall efficiency. We will invest more on the feasibility studies of aid projects, analyzing their environmental impact, and evaluating post-project operation and management, so as to make sound and rational decisions and improve the reserve of projects. We will steadily advance the model where the recipient countries implement the projects with funding and technical support. This will help fuel local employment and improve the ability of the recipient countries to sustain their own development. China will continue cooperation on human resources development, share development experiences, and disseminate appropriate technology, providing intellectual support for sustainable economic and social development in other developing countries. We will enrich the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund with diversified partners and cooperation models, and build partnerships for international development cooperation.
——强化监督评估，提升援助效益。建立健全统筹协调、分工明确、各司其职、权责一致的监督管理机制，通过日常监督、专项监督等方式，加强重点环节监管，提高项目管理实施水平。建立系统完善、公正独立的项目评估机制，制定科学规范、完整有效的评估标准，开展综合评估和专项评估，加强评估结果应用。根据自身国情，并借鉴国际经验，修订完善对外援助统计指标体系，建立运行现代化的援外统计信息系统。
– Enhancing supervision and evaluation to improve project efficacy. Coordinated supervision and management mechanisms will be put in place, in which each party performs its own functions and power carries accountability. We will strengthen oversight over key links and improve project management through routine and special supervisory measures. We will develop complete systems of impartial and independent project evaluation, set sound and effective evaluation standards, conduct comprehensive evaluation and special evaluation, and strengthen the application of evaluation results. Based on its own national conditions and drawing experience from international practices, China will work to revise and improve the statistical indicator system of foreign aid, and develop a modern statistical information system for foreign assistance.
结束语
Conclusion
当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，但和平与发展的时代主题没有变，合作共赢、共同发展的历史大势没有变。面对日益严峻的全球性挑战，各国只有加强团结协作，深化和平合作、平等相待、开放包容、共赢共享的伙伴关系，才能实现持久稳定和发展，让和平与发展的阳光普照世界。
The world is undergoing rapid and unprecedented change unseen in a century. However, peace and development remain the theme of our time, and mutually beneficial cooperation for common development remains the way forward. Confronted by acute global challenges, no country can achieve lasting stability and development without solidarity, cooperation, and a partnership featuring peaceful and mutually beneficial cooperation, equality, openness, inclusiveness and shared growth.
中国即将开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，进入新发展阶段。中国始终将自身发展置于人类发展的坐标系中，始终把自身命运与世界各国人民的命运紧密相连，始终把中国人民利益同各国人民共同利益结合起来。中国将秉持初心，继续积极开展国际发展合作，始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者，为增进人类共同福祉、构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。
China has entered a new development phase and is about to embark on a quest to fully build itself into a modern socialist country. It always considers its own growth in the context of the common development of all humanity. It closely relates its future to the fortunes of other countries, and binds the interests of the Chinese people to the common interests of all peoples. China will stay true to its original principles regarding international development cooperation. As a builder of world peace, a contributor to global prosperity and a defender of international order, it will continue to cooperate on international development and contribute even more to improving the common wellbeing of humanity and building a global community of shared future.
注1：本白皮书中所称“中国国际发展合作”指“在南南合作框架下，中国通过对外援助等方式在经济社会发展领域，包括人道主义援助方面开展的多双边国际合作”。
1 In this book, “international development cooperation” refers to China’s bilateral and multilateral efforts, within the framework of South-South cooperation, to promote economic and social development through foreign aid, humanitarian assistance, and other means.
