在第十二届亚欧首脑会议上的发言

Speech at the 12th ASEM Summit

中华人民共和国国务院总理　李克强

H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

2018年10月19日，布鲁塞尔

Brussels, 19 October 2018

尊敬的图斯克主席和容克主席，

各位同事：

President Donald Tusk,

President Jean-Claude Juncker,

Colleagues,

 

两年前我们相聚乌兰巴托，共绘亚欧发展的美好蓝图。两年后再聚布鲁塞尔，我们对亚欧合作的未来更加充满信心。我谨代表中国政府对欧盟及比利时政府为本次会议所作的周到安排表示感谢。

Two years ago, we met in Ulaanbaatar to draw up a blueprint for Asia-Europe development. Today, we gather again in Brussels even more confident about the future of our cooperation. Let me thank, on behalf of the Chinese government, the EU and the Belgian government for their thoughtful arrangements for this meeting.

 

当今世界是一个复杂变化、充满不确定性的世界。一方面，人类实现进步的能力和手段前所未有；另一方面，对未来的担忧和疑虑也前所未有。促进世界和平与发展面临新的机遇，但风险挑战不容忽视。当前，经济全球化遭遇波折，单边主义、保护主义明显抬头，地缘政治热点、恐怖主义此起彼伏，既有国际秩序和多边贸易体制受到严重冲击，开放合作与封闭对抗的较量关乎人类前途与未来。

We live in a complex, fast-changing world with many uncertainties. While we have more capabilities and means to make progress than ever before, we also have more worries and doubts about the future. As we face new opportunities for promoting peace and development, we cannot underestimate the risks and challenges.

The backlash against economic globalization, resurgence of unilateralism and protectionism, and frequent flare-ups of geopolitical hotspots and terrorist incidents have seriously affected the international order and multilateral trading regime. The future of humankind hinges on the choice between openness and isolation, cooperation and confrontation.

 

面对错综复杂的国际形势，习近平主席提出共同构建人类命运共同体的理念，得到了国际社会广泛认同。各国应加强对话合作，尊重彼此选择各自发展道路的权利，通过谈判协商政治解决各种分歧，共同维护和平与稳定的大环境。同时，各国应通过结构性改革促进经济稳定增长，以大力度创新加快新旧动能转换，遵循包容普惠原则推动经济全球化实现再平衡，共同维护世界经济复苏的好势头。这些都需要开展紧密的全球合作，建立强有力的全球伙伴关系。

In response to the shifting international landscape, President Xi Jinping put forward the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind, which has been well received by the international community. In pursuing this community, countries need to strengthen dialogue and cooperation, respect the right to choose one’s own path of development, seek political solutions to disputes through negotiation and consultation, and jointly safeguard overall peace and stability.

Meanwhile, it is important for all to anchor growth with structural reforms, nurture the new drivers of growth with more innovation, rebalance economic globalization toward greater inclusiveness and shared benefits, and jointly protect the sound momentum of world economic recovery. All these call for closer global cooperation and a stronger global partnership.

 

亚洲和欧洲是世界两大稳定力量，也是世界两大经济板块。亚欧会议有53个成员，大家走到一起，顺应了世界多极化、经济全球化、区域一体化的时代潮流；大家坐在一起，代表着近六成的世界人口和一半的世界经济总量，在全球政治经济版图上举足轻重。亚欧合作基础深厚，潜力巨大，前景广阔。本次会议的主题确定为“欧洲和亚洲：全球伙伴应对全球挑战”，现实针对性很强，既反映出各国面临的迫切任务，也是对亚欧关系定位的最好诠释。

Asia and Europe are two major forces for stability and leading economies in today’s world. ASEM, which brings together 53 members, embodies the prevailing trend of multi-polarization, economic globalization and regional integration. Accounting for nearly 60 percent of the world’s population and half of the global economy, we are an important presence in the international economic and political landscape.

 

Cooperation between Asia and Europe has a solid foundation, enormous potential and bright prospects. The theme of our meeting, “Global Partnership for Global Challenges,” is highly relevant as it points to the pressing tasks we all face and captures the essence of the relations between Asia and Europe.

 

面对新形势下的新挑战，亚欧国家作为全球伙伴，应担负起维护世界和平、促进繁荣发展的重要责任，共同推动构建人类命运共同体。亚欧各方要以开放的胸襟、包容的气度、协调的行动，打造开放、联动、合作、共赢的新格局，为世界发展增添力量、注入信心。我愿提出以下几点建议：

As global partners facing new challenges in a new situation, we countries in Asia and Europe should strive to fulfill our important responsibilities for global peace and prosperity, and work together for a community with a shared future for mankind. We need to embrace openness and inclusiveness, and coordinate our actions to promote open and interconnected progress through win-win cooperation to instill strength and confidence into world development. To this end, I suggest that we take the following actions:

 

第一，为维护多边主义发挥引领作用。我们处在各国利益交融、命运休戚与共的新时代，各国只有携手合作，践行多边主义，才能更好把握全球性机遇，应对全球性挑战。亚欧会议的成立与发展始终秉持多边主义理念，在应对亚洲金融危机和国际金融危机过程中发挥了重要作用，这正是多边合作的成功实践。亚欧会议的多边主义传统来源于亚欧国家的多样性，不同的民族、文化、宗教、经济社会发展水平没有成为合作的障碍，反而成为互学互鉴的源泉和优势互补的基础。亚欧会议的多边主义内涵体现在亚欧国家相互尊重、平等相待，在重大问题上能够求同存异、协商一致，实现共同发展、互利共赢，为亚欧关系行稳致远、构建新型国际关系提供有力支撑。

First, we need to lead the way in upholding multilateralism. Living in this new era when our interests and futures are so closely entwined, we have but one choice: cooperate with each other and follow multilateralism. Only in this way can we more effectively seize global opportunities and tackle global challenges. Commitment to multilateralism has accompanied ASEM’s inception and growth every step of the way. Our shared multilateral approach has been instrumental in tackling the Asian and global financial crises. This in itself represented a successful practice of multilateral cooperation.

ASEM’s adherence to multilateralism emanates from the diversity of our Asian and European membership. Our differences in ethnicity, culture, religion and level of development have not become obstacles to cooperation but provided a source and foundation for mutual learning and mutual complementarity. ASEM’s multilateral approach is also reflected in our shared commitment to mutual respect and equality. We have worked to expand common ground on major issues while setting aside differences and promote common development and mutual benefit. In a word, multilateralism at ASEM has been a strong underpinning for a steady and sustainable Asia-Europe relationship and for fostering a new type of international relations.

 

当前形势下，亚欧国家都面临单边主义的严重冲击。我们要加强协商合作，坚定维护以规则为基础的国际秩序，坚定维护联合国权威，坚定维护联合国宪章的宗旨和原则。对于国家间出现的分歧，应该在双边或多边框架内依据国际法协商解决。对于国际社会面临的共同挑战，应该致力于寻求多边解决方案，遵守业已达成的国际协议。作为多边主义的倡导者和受益者，亚欧国家也应该成为多边主义的捍卫者和引领者。

As we both face the serious impact of unilateralism, there is a need to enhance Asia-Europe consultation and cooperation. We must be steadfast in upholding the rules-based international order, the authority of the United Nations, and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. Disputes between countries need to be addressed through consultations under bilateral or multilateral frameworks in line with international law. And common challenges of the international community should be met with multilateral solutions and by honoring existing international agreements. As advocates and beneficiaries of multilateralism, we Asian and European countries also need to take the lead in upholding multilateralism.

 

第二，致力于构建开放型世界经济。世界经济复苏的势头来之不易，其中很重要的一条经验，就是在应对国际金融危机中加强政策协调、坚持开放合作，避免了上个世纪大萧条重演。世界经济要进入持续增长的轨道，仍然需要坚持伙伴精神，坚持开放发展的大方向，不断推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，促进全球分工合作向更加普惠、平衡的方向发展。那种采取保护主义、挑起贸易摩擦的做法，不仅解决不了本国发展中遇到的问题，还会加剧全球市场动荡，影响各国人民福祉，殃及世界和平与发展的前景。

Second, we need to work for an open world economy. The momentum of world economic recovery has not come easily. An important experience we have drawn was that we strengthened policy coordination and embraced openness and cooperation in addressing the global financial crisis, which enabled us to avoid a repeat of the 20th-century Great Depression. Nevertheless, for recovery to evolve into sustainable growth, it would still require us to uphold the spirit of partnership, remain oriented to openness and development, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and make global division of labor more cooperative, balanced and beneficial to all. Adopting protectionist measures or provoking trade frictions cannot help any country to overcome its development bottlenecks. They will only exacerbate volatility in global markets and affect the well-being of all people and the prospect of world peace and development.

 

亚欧国家各具资源禀赋和比较优势，互补性强，完全可以通过加强各领域务实合作，实现多赢共赢。我们要坚决反对一切形式的保护主义，维护以规则为基础的多边贸易体制，巩固经济全球化和自由贸易的基石。对现行世贸组织规则进行适当调整完善是可以的，但不能“另起炉灶”，必须坚持自由贸易等基本原则，充分照顾各方的利益关切，特别要重视保障发展中国家的权益。我们既要促进全球经济增长与繁荣，也要致力于缩小南北差距。中方支持对世贸组织进行必要的改革，已同欧盟成立世贸组织改革联合工作组，保持沟通协商。中方倡议继续推进亚欧经济部长会议进程，推动海关等领域加强合作，为深化亚欧贸易便利化拿出切实举措，以实际行动支持经济全球化和自由贸易。

Thanks to our diverse resource endowments and comparative strengths, Asian and European countries enjoy strong economic complementarity. This has made us entirely able to attain win-win and all-win results by intensifying practical cooperation in various areas. We need to stand firm against all forms of protectionism and uphold the rules-based multilateral trading regime to solidify the foundation of economic globalization and free trade. While necessary adjustments and reform can be made to existing WTO rules, one should not start everything anew. Fundamental principles such as free trade must be upheld, the interests and concerns of all parties need to be fully accommodated, and special attention should be given to the rights and interests of developing countries.

As we work to promote global growth and prosperity, we should also strive to narrow the North-South gap. China supports necessary reforms of the WTO, and has set up a joint working group with the EU to keep communication on WTO reform. China suggests that we continue the process under the ASEM Economic Ministers’ Meeting, step up cooperation in customs and other areas, and formulate concrete measures to facilitate trade in Asia and Europe. These actions will underline our support to economic globalization and free trade.

 

建设开放型世界经济，推动全球经济稳定增长，离不开创新的支撑。新一轮科技革命和产业变革方兴未艾，大数据、云计算、物联网、人工智能等前沿技术不断突破，使跨越国界的产业链深度合作成为大势所趋。中国愿与亚欧各方积极推进科技创新和新经济合作，包括开展数字经济、智慧城市、车联网等领域合作。中方将于明年举办以创新发展为主题的高级别对话会，希望各方积极参与，共同促进世界开放创新深入发展。

An open world economy and steady global growth cannot be achieved without innovation. As the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is gaining momentum, we have seen constant breakthroughs in technology frontiers such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. Sophisticated industrial chain cooperation that defies national borders has become the prevailing trend. China would like to work with all interested partners in Asia and Europe to promote cooperation in scientific and technological innovation and the new economy, including in digital economy, smart cities, intelligent connected vehicles and other areas. Next year, China will hold a high-level dialogue on innovation-driven development. We look forward to your active participation and joint contribution to an open and innovative world.

 

第三，以互联互通推动亚欧联动发展。亚欧国家山水相连，开展互联互通合作具有天然条件，也是亚欧各国民心所向。我们要加大公路、铁路、航空、光纤等基础设施方面的“硬联通”，以点带面、从线到片，充分整合亚欧大陆的资源禀赋、人口红利、产能优势等要素，打造亚欧大交通、大产业、大物流格局，完善供应链、产业链、价值链，充分释放亚欧发展的巨大潜力。同时，要加强制度、政策、规则和标准等方面的“软联通”，激发资本、技术、服务和数据等要素的活力。一旦欧洲的新技术和亚洲的大市场能够在更高水平上结合起来，不仅将为亚欧发展注入新动力，也能为世界经济持续增长提供新机遇。亚欧会议互联互通工作组为深化这一重大合作搭建了有效平台，我们要共同支持工作组发挥好统筹协调作用，使有关规划尽早落地。

Third, we need to promote interconnected development of Asia and Europe through enhanced connectivity. Sharing common mountains and rivers, Asian and European countries are natural partners in connectivity cooperation. This is also what our people expect from us. We need to improve “hardware connectivity” in terms of highways, railways, aviation, fiber optics and other infrastructure to generate development momentum for surrounding areas. These transportation arteries will be conducive to bringing together in an integrated way the resource endowments, demographic dividends and industrial advantages of the Eurasian continent to forge trans-continental networks of transportation, industries and logistics and flesh out the supply chains, industrial chains and value chains in the region. All this will help unlock the immense development potential of both Asia and Europe.

At the same time, we need to strengthen “soft connectivity” in areas such as institutions, policies, rules and standards in order to invigorate factors of production from capital, technology, to services and data. When Europe’s new technologies are combined with Asia’s big market at a higher level, it will lend fresh impetus to development in Asia and Europe and present new opportunities to the sustained growth of the world economy. In this context, the ASEM Pathfinder Group on Connectivity can serve as an effective platform for deepening cooperation in this important area; it will need our collective support to fully play its coordinating role and deliver relevant plans at an early date.

 

“一带一路”倡议源自中国，属于世界，重点是亚欧大陆。我们愿意与各方一道，秉持共商共建共享原则，加强发展战略对接，打造开放、透明的合作平台，坚持高水平、高标准、高质量推进合作项目，实现共同发展和繁荣。明年中方将举办第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，欢迎亚欧各方积极参与。

The Belt and Road Initiative was put forward by China, but it belongs to the world, with the Eurasian continent being a pivotal region. Following the principle of consultation, cooperation and benefit for all, China is ready to work with all parties to enhance synergy of our development strategies, build open and transparent cooperation platforms, and carry out collaborative projects with high standards and quality in a bid to achieve common development and prosperity. Next year, China will hold the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation; fellow ASEM members are welcome to join the event.

 

第四，通过人文交流为亚欧合作注入更大活力。亚欧大陆孕育过东西方交流的历史佳话，也正在书写不同文明对话合作的新篇章。人文交流是亚欧会议机制的重要支柱，也应该成为政治、经济合作的带动力量和有力依托，值得更大投入。我们要加强各国议会、社团、智库、高校、媒体的往来，不断增进人民间的了解和友谊，进而促进政治互信。公共卫生、教育、老龄化、旅游、残疾人、妇女、青年等领域合作关乎民生福祉，是实现包容发展的重要内容。亚欧各国应加强经验分享、深化交流合作，共同推进社会公平正义，让各国人民更好享受发展成果。我们将继续开展亚欧框架下的残疾人合作，让平等、包容的理念深入人心。中方建议亚欧会议探讨建立相应机制，为推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程作出积极贡献。

Fourth, we need to step up people-to-people and cultural ties to add new vitality to Asia-Europe cooperation. Our two continents, with fascinating episodes of exchanges between the East and West in history, are making new progress in inter-civilizational dialogue and cooperation. People-to-people and cultural ties, as an important pillar of ASEM, deserve greater resource input from all of us to build up momentum and support for political and economic cooperation. There should be more exchanges between our parliaments, social organizations, think tanks, universities and media outlets to enhance understanding and friendship between our peoples. This is also conducive to cementing political mutual trust.

Cooperation in public health, education, population aging, tourism, people with disabilities, women and youth are important to the well-being of our peoples and is part and parcel of efforts for inclusive development. Countries in Asia and Europe need to step up experience-sharing and deepen exchange and cooperation to make societies more equitable and just, and deliver more benefits of development to our peoples. We will continue cooperation involving people with disabilities as part of the ASEM cooperation framework and foster a stronger awareness of equality and inclusion. In this context, China proposes that discussions be held under ASEM on the setting-up of cooperation mechanisms in these areas to contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations.

各位同事，

Colleagues,

 

我愿在此介绍一下中国的经济形势和宏观政策取向。今年前三季度中国经济运行保持在合理区间。目前，城镇调查失业率稳定在5%左右，日均新设企业约1.8万户，高技术产业、装备制造业、信息技术服务业快速增长，规模以上工业和服务业企业利润保持两位数增长，新动能持续蓬勃发展，对经济增长的贡献率超过三分之一。中国经济的基本面是健康的。当然，受外部环境明显变化等的影响，中国经济发展也面临一些困难和挑战。

Let me now turn to China’s economy and macroeconomic policies. In the first three quarters of this year, China’s economic performance stayed within the proper range. Surveyed urban unemployment rate is kept at around 5 percent. Over 18,000 new companies are set up on an average day. High-tech sectors, equipment manufacturing and IT services have been expanding rapidly. Profits of large industrial and service companies have maintained double-digit growth. New growth drivers are thriving, contributing to over one third of economic growth. The fundamentals of the Chinese economy are sound. Having said that, affected by notable changes in the global environment and other factors, the Chinese economy is also confronted with difficulties and challenges.

 

中国还是一个发展中国家，虽然经济总量不小，但人均水平不高、排在世界第70多位。中国还存在发展不平衡不充分的问题，地区之间、城乡之间发展差距较大，不少地方的交通、能源、市政等基础设施仍很薄弱。中国还有3000多万农村贫困人口，他们的人均年收入不到3000元人民币。硬币都有两面，发展差距也是发展潜力。拥有13亿多人口的中国是个大市场，经济发展潜力大、韧性强、空间广，面对外部环境的变化具有较大的回旋余地和应变能力，完全可以保持经济持续健康发展。

China is still a developing country. Despite our large economy, the per capita GDP is ranked below 70th place in the world. China’s development remains unbalanced and inadequate with significant disparities between different regions and between urban and rural areas. In many places, transportation, energy, utilities and other types of infrastructure remain underdeveloped. In rural areas, over 30 million people still live in poverty with an average annual income of less than 3,000 RMB yuan ($433). But every coin has two sides. The upside of the disparities is that they also represent big space for development. With a huge market of more than 1.3 billion people, China has vast potential, great resilience and broad space for maneuver in coping with changes in the global environment. Its economy is fully capable of sustaining sound growth.

 

今年是中国改革开放40周年。改革开放不仅创造了中国发展奇迹，也为世界带来了巨大机遇。我们将继续全面深化改革，深入推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务等改革，提高政策透明度，实行公平公正监管，打造内外资企业一视同仁、公平竞争的市场环境。我们将进一步扩大对外开放，加强知识产权保护，打造国际一流的营商环境。今年以来，我们大幅放宽了包括服务业特别是金融业在内的市场准入，在分批次降低药品、汽车、部分日用消费品等进口关税基础上，最近又降低1500多个税目工业品等商品进口关税税率，使关税总水平从上年的9.8%降至7.5%，在全球处于中等偏低水平。下个月我们将在上海举办首届中国国际进口博览会。这是为了给广大消费者提供更多选择机会，也是中方以实际行动促进贸易自由化、主动向世界开放市场的重大举措，欢迎各国积极参与、共享机遇。中国将坚持市场化的汇率改革方向，不会搞竞争性贬值，人民币汇率完全能够在合理均衡水平上保持基本稳定。

This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up, a policy that has not only created China’s success story, but also brought enormous opportunities to the world. We will continue to deepen reform across the board. By further streamlining administration, delegating powers, strengthening oversight and improving government services, we will raise policy transparency and exercise fair and equitable regulation to create a market environment in which Chinese and foreign-owned companies are treated as equals and compete on a level playing field. We will open up further and strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights to foster a world-class business environment.

This year, we have taken significant steps to ease market access in services sectors, particularly the financial sector, and cut tariffs on drugs, automobiles and some consumer goods in a phased way. On top of that, China has most recently announced additional tariff cuts on over 1,500 taxable items, bringing its overall tariff rate down to 7.5 percent from last year’s 9.8 percent, a lower middle level globally. Next month, China will host the first China International Import Expo in Shanghai. While offering more choices to Chinese consumers, the Expo is a major step taken by China to promote trade liberalization and open its markets still wider to the world. We look forward to your active participation to share the opportunities it brings. China is steadfast in its commitment to market-oriented exchange rate reform. We will not engage in competitive devaluation. There is every reason that the RMB exchange rate will remain basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.

 

各位同事，

Colleagues,

 

亚欧会议机制已经迈入第三个十年，成为促进亚欧对话合作的重要平台。我相信，只要我们齐心协力、同舟共济，就能为亚欧人民创造更多福祉，为世界和平与发展作出更大贡献。

ASEM, now in its third decade, serves as an important platform for dialogue and cooperation between Asia and Europe. I am confident that by making united efforts toward our shared goals, we will deliver more benefits to the people of Asia and Europe and make greater contribution to peace and development of the world.

 

谢谢大家！

Thank you.