“一带一路”打造世界经济新引擎
Belt and Road Initiative Acts as New Engine for World Economy
来源：英语巴士 整理：泉州启航翻译公司
王义桅
Wang Yiwei
2016年是“一带一路”建设全面实施之年。无论国内还是国际社会，对“一带一路”建设都给予了高度评价。但也有一些人对“一带一路”建设心存疑虑，没能正确认识“一带一路”建设的目标和内涵；也有人过分放大建设中可能遇到的问题。因此，有必要对“一带一路”建设的目标、内涵以及机遇、挑战等问题予以深入分析。
In 2016, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road will both be under construction. China, as well as the larger global community, speaks highly of the Belt and Road Initiative.
However, lacking a clear understanding of what the Belt and Road Initiative entails, some still have doubts about it. Therefore, now is a good time to conduct an in-depth analysis of the goals and larger implications of the Initiative, as well as of the opportunities and challenges that it could bring.
“一带一路”建设既是远期的美好愿景，又是近期的实在福利。一些西方人质疑“一带一路”建设，认为它缺乏清晰的内涵、路线图，只写意、不写实。这种理解显然是片面的。“一带一路”倡议是愿景和行动的结合，是内外发展的联动。习近平同志指出，“一带一路”建设不是空洞的口号，而是看得见、摸得着的实际举措，将给有关国家和地区带来实实在在的利益。从长期看，“一带一路”建设着眼于促进21世纪世界经济发展，践行开放包容理念，开创经济全球化广阔前景。从近期看，“一带一路”建设的推进对后国际金融危机时期各国的就业、经济发展等都能带来具体而实际的好处。在沿线各国、各地区努力下，“一带一路”建设将蓬勃发展的亚洲经济圈与欧洲经济圈连接起来，将激发巨大经济潜力和市场需求，打造世界经济发展新引擎。
The Belt and Road Initiative offers both a long-term vision and real benefits in the near future. Some Westerners believe the Initiative is nothing more than a concept, lacking a clear roadmap. However, such an interpretation is one-sided.
The Belt and Road Initiative is a combination of vision and action. As President Xi Jinping pointed out, the Initiative is not an empty slogan, but rather contains tangible measures that will benefit all the involved countries and regions.
In the long run, the Initiative will advance world economic development. It will put into practice the idea of openness and inclusiveness, and will pioneer economic globalization.
In the shorter term, the Initiative will significantly boost employment and economic development in the post-financial crisis era. With joint efforts between different countries and regions along the route, and by aligning the booming Asian economic sphere with the European one, the Belt and Road Initiative will stimulate huge market demand, acting as an engine for global economic development.
“一带一路”建设既为中国发展提供动力，又为世界发展创造机遇。“一带一路”沿线国家的经济总量占世界的29%，而人口占63%，前者不到后者的一半。这种经济总量与人口的严重不匹配，凸显了“一带一路”沿线国家发展的巨大需求缺口和潜力。因此，“一带一路”建设源于中国而属于世界，能够把中国的机遇转变为世界的机遇。中国的现代化经验鲜活而丰富，值得发展中国家借鉴。通过基础设施等建设，中国将为世界提供更多公共产品、带给世界更好的合作机遇，推动实现联合国2030年可持续发展议程。
The Belt and Road Initiative comes from China, but it will make a difference far beyond China’s borders. China’s modernization process has set a precedent for other developing countries. Making up 63 percent of the world population, countries along the Belt and Road route only account for 29 percent of the global economic aggregate. These mismatched numbers call for drastic measures to address the gap.
科学把握“一带一路”建设中的机遇和风险。有人把“一带一路”建设歪曲为中国的马歇尔计划，这显然没有读懂中国所走的和平发展、合作共赢道路。习近平同志在多个国际场合明确表示，“一带一路”不搞势力范围，而是推动大家一起加入朋友圈，编织互利共赢的合作伙伴网络。当然也要看到，“一带一路”建设的设计构想是实现共赢，但并非没有风险。恰恰是因为存在风险，才更需要共商、共建、共享。我们应客观认识风险，不夸大也不小视，注重推动风险向机遇转化。
Meanwhile, the opportunities and risks that come with the Initiative must be viewed objectively. Some commentators have twisted the Initiative into “China’s Marshall Plan.” This misunderstanding fails to grasp China’s desire for peaceful development and mutually beneficial cooperation.
As Xi has explicitly stated on many occasions, the Belt and Road Initiative is not meant to establish a sphere of influence, but to weave a partnership network.
Of course, potential risks during the construction must be acknowledged. And it is because of those risks that the construction is being done through joint consultation, joint construction and sharing. We should neither exaggerate nor overlook these risks; an objective view is what is called for in this moment.
推进“一带一路”建设应处理好三个关系。一是处理好政府与市场的关系。这是中国经济发展的宝贵经验，也适用于“一带一路”建设。由政府推动、以企业为主体、坚持市场化运作、遵循国际标准，是“一带一路”建设的科学方法。这一方法既遵循客观经济规律，也有利于打消国际社会疑虑，能够更好地与其他国际合作架构、发展规划对接。二是在建设初期应注重处理好取与予的关系。“一带一路”沿线国家多为发展中国家，现阶段需要更多投入，投资回报期可能较长，多予少取是“一带一路”建设初期应有的姿态。“一带一路”建设是百年工程，合作共赢的思维将贯穿始终，它的推进与我国的外交工作将互相促进。只有坚持正确的义利观，坚持利我与利他结合、双边与多边结合、取与予结合，才能不断延伸国内市场，建设欧亚非大市场。三是尊重不同国家的政治体制，处理好与当地政府及社会组织、公众的关系。“一带一路”沿线国家政治体制不一。中国企业走出去，既应重视与对方政府打交道，也应重视与社会各层面多沟通，与当地非政府组织打好交道。走出去的企业、团体应严格遵照丝路精神，使“一带一路”建设更加接地气，让“中国制造”“中国建造”“中国服务”等进入沿线各国寻常百姓家，向本土化的方向发展。
Looking ahead, there are three relationships that must be properly handled as the Belt and Road Initiative progresses.
The first is the relationship between the government and the market. The promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative must be government-led and enterprise-centered, while still adhering to market operations and complying with international standards.
The second relationship is the one between “give” and “take,” which must be emphasized in the initial stages of construction. Most countries along the route are developing countries. Therefore, significant investment is required at present, and the return on that investment will come later. Thus, the correct stance for now should be more “give” and less “take.” Only by maintaining this stance can we expand the domestic market into Eurasia and Africa.
Last but not least is the relationship between governmental and social organizations. Chinese enterprises that hope to go global should place emphasis on interaction with local government and non-governmental organizations. The political systems of different countries must be respected. Overseas Chinese companies should strictly abide by the Silk Road spirit; the strategy of Made in China, China Service and other brands is to strive for localization.
（作者为中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员）
(The author is a senior researcher at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies of Renmin University.)
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